The University and Environmental Preservation - 786 Words

The University and Environmental Preservation Caring for the environment has traditionally been thought of as a responsibility of environmental organizations such as Greenpeace or the Sierra Club. Universities have never been thought of as the leaders of environmental preservation—until now. Since universities are looked upon with high regard, many people including President Baker of Cal Poly, feel that it is the responsibility of the university to set an example of how the environment is respected and conserved. In his Earth Day speech in 2004, President Baker claims that Cal Poly finds it suitable to be a signatory of the Talloires Declaration. This is a 10-point plan signed by over 300 universities worldwide setting out†¦show more content†¦Specifically, he mentions the web page and examples of actions taken by the Facilities Planning Department. This organization has implemented activities and ideals that are supported by principles of environmental sustainability. Also, in compliance with the Talloires Decla ration, Cal Poly teaches environmentally responsible citizenship through educational programs. For example, several colleges offer degree programs and minors that provide emphasis on principles of sustainability. One last piece of evidence is when President Baker mentions the specific learning centers and institutions that provide environmental education. Baker introduces his evidence of the university’s compliance by referring to Cal Poly’s Master Plan that sets out the university’s mission. According to him, many elements are included in this mission to create â€Å"a comprehensive vision of sustainability,† one of these elements being environmental protection. Although this is a valid reason, President Baker also states other reasons that are not pertinent to the environment. He speaks of a personally safe university and one that is more culturally diverse. Throughout the speech, President Baker displays a sense of urgency and passion about environmental preservation. As the president of the university and host of the event, he introduces the issue and his stanceShow MoreRelatedThe Environmental Impacts Of Costa Rica976 Words   |  4 Pagesdeforestation and other environmental degradation in the past. Now, however, Costa Rica is widely known for the preservation of its forests, wildlife, and the overall well-being of the environment of its pristine country. The government of Costa Rica realized the issues of the environmental degradation they had caused and pledged to never go back. Now, Costa Rica is one of the biggest leaders in the â€Å"green† movement. The governmental agency SETENA, has helped Costa Rica’s eco-preservation. SETENA is the CostaRead MoreEnvironmental Movements in the United States Essay1019 Words   |  5 Pagesand rights movements. Unfortunately, when it comes to environmental issues th e average American has grown increasingly complacent. With a renewed urgency, government is working to combat global warming, but lacks the necessary social backing. This social support could be supplied through a new environmental movement that differs from past efforts. Throughout American history there have been three categories of environmental movements: preservation, conservation, and modern reform, all of which haveRead MoreExplain The Importance Of Utilitarianism And Preservationism1726 Words   |  7 Pageseffective environmental policies. Two mainstreams guide our current view towards protection of nature: utilitarianism and preservationism. These terms may sound similar to most people. In fact, when we disclose the meanings behind them, we will see that the ways they treat the environment behind these two doctrines are distinct. From lecture, utilitarian means that â€Å"the value of any part of nature is determined solely by its usefulness to human† (Robbins et a l. 70). Meanwhile, preservation states thatRead MoreEnglish Essay on the Environment1715 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance of proper environmental management – preservation and conservation. Imprudent ecological governance has led to the extinction and diminution of several species of wildlife and plants. Mankinds pursuit of industrialization to make work easier, has resulted in the dangerous depletion of the earths natural resources. Fingers are pointed as the blame is cast on organizations such as church and state. It appears as if humanity has refused to accept that proper environmental management is everyonesRead MoreEnvironmental Economics: A Short Evaluation of the Monetary Valuation of Ecosystem Goods and Services728 Words   |  3 Pagesthe creation of more sustainable development outcomes. Sustainable development is understood as an organizing principle for human life on a finite planet, which works toward the preservation and endurance of diverse biological systems. Throughout history we have seen interdependence between economic growth and environmental degradation, denoting a trend in human population growth simultaneous to ecosystem decline. Studies have shown that over the last fifty years, humans have changed ecosystems moreRead More Christians and the Environment Essays1243 Words   |  5 Pagesthe ever-increasing pollution, the deforestation, and the threat of nuclear waste. Taking responsibility for the environment is a duty that Christians should commit to. In fact, Christians should lead the world in taking specific actions in the preservation and restoration of the environment. Some environmentalists have blamed Christianity for the abuse of the environment. The 1967 article by Lynn White suggests that Christianity’s theology of the domination of creation is based on the premise thatRead MoreEssay about Farming The Tambopata Reserve 1078 Words   |  5 Pagescultivation is the best approach to improve Peruvian infrastructure, economy and future preservation of natural areas. There are many potential land uses for the Tambopata Reserve. One of which, that gains much environmentalist backing, is slash and burn agriculture. While this method of agriculture has long traditionally been employed and is seen as â€Å"greener,† many are misinformed of its methods and potential for environmental destruction. Slash and burn agriculture declines soil fertility as biomass isRead MoreExample Of Joint Research Project737 Words   |  3 Pagesbetween neighbours [4] For the project, a joint research team (JRT) was formed to work together on the three years project. The JRT bringing together Israeli and Jordanian members from Arava Institute for Environmental Studies (AIES), Jordan National Energy Research Centre (NCRD) and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU). The member of AIES and NCRD were responsible and collaborated together in the design and construction of demonstrative pilot plants, the preparation and implementation of Local Follow-upRead MoreThe Implementation Gap Between Theory And Practice Of Heritage Planning738 Words   |  3 Pagesis somewhat of a contentious issue within heritage planning. It is widely used, but not always well understood. This essay proposal uses this term to mean balancing the needs of current society with the preservation of current resources to improve cultural vitality, social equality, environmental responsibility and economic vitality (Letourneau, 2016). Each of these pillars contains several aspects, such as innovation and ecological balance, which contribute to the overall success of a communityRead MoreThe Possible Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing in Newfoundland1278 Words   |  5 PagesNewfoundland’s economy is largely based on oil rigging and mines, but has recently seen a rise in touri sm. The success of Newfoundland’s tourism industry relies on the preservation of their natural environment, meaning that it could be destroyed by overuse of hydraulic fracturing. This essay will attempt to synthesise the environmental concerns and the economic benefits of hydraulic fracturing in order to reach a conclusion. hydraulic fracturing researchers have not reached a consensus on the effect

Child Health and Well Being - 4425 Words

Introduction The purpose of this project is how we can ensure the health and safety of children in a childcare setting. We have to consider the welfare of every child who will be under our care once we are working in Childcare. We have to follow some certain guidelines and this project will help me to outline the requirements necessary to provide for the health and well being of the children, including their protection and ensuring a safe environment for them. This project will further discuss the Health and Safety Regulations, some Legislation involved in Childcare and we have to come up with some policies and procedures. II. Critical Evaluation of Health and Safety issues in an ECCE setting Health and Safety Awareness As a†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Childcare Act 1991 The Child Care Act of 1991 was the first piece of Irish legislation to focus on children. It defines a child as someone who is under 18 years of age (unless they are married). The Act is an extensive piece of legislation, and it is not within the remit of this text to discuss all aspects of it. For purposes, we will focus on Part VII of the Act, which defines a pre-school child and pre-school service. Pre-school child: a child under six years of age who is not attending a national school or school providing an educational program similar to national school. Pre-school service: any pre-school, playgroup, day nursery, crà ¨che, daycare or other similar service which caters for preschool children. These include sessional, full time and drop in services. The Child Care Act of 1991 is very important in relation to the protection of children. The Act puts a legal responsibility on any person charged with the care of any child to act in the child’s best interests- this is the most fundamental requirement of every person who works with children with whatever situation. It is also the primary legislation regulating the childcare policy. †¢ Childcare (Preschool) Regulations 2006 The Childcare (Pre-School Services) (No. 2) Regulations 2006 provides for standard of service, upkeep and care for any setting defined as pre-school. The regulations define a pre-school child to be one under the age of sixShow MoreRelatedA State And Federal Program902 Words   |  4 Pagesfederal program whose objective is to better the health of women, children, youth, and entire families and communities, while paying emphases on health inequities and the systems and policies that contribute to family health (Handler, 2015). This program focuses on issues which affect women of child bearing age, children, adolescents, as well children with special health care needs (Handler, 2015). Maternal and Child programs work to address health promotion issues across the lifespan of individualsRead MoreHealth Assessment Of Families And Their Health1399 Words   |  6 PagesHealth is directly related to the activities in which we participate in, the food we eat, and the substances to which we are exposed to daily. Where we live and work, our gender, age, and genetic makeup also impact our health. (Nies, 2011) Assessments of family’s health are to help focus on the control and prevention of diseases. Health assessment assist in determining an individual’s perception of their quality of life along with the family’s perception as a whole. This also helps to define a person’sRead MoreThe Problem Of Mental Health1455 Words   |  6 PagesAddressing the issue of mental health to parents is never an easy task, however if it is done in the correct manner it could be painless. 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This essay is very helpful because a child s health is very important and it can very well impact how the child learns throughout school or even when home schooling, soRead MoreEarly Childhood Development : Child Welfare1640 Words   |  7 PagesRossy Sical SWK 346 Child Welfare Professor Carew February 3, 2015 Early Childhood Development Early childhood development is a fundamental key to a full and productive life. This stage of development is not only important because of its rapid development but also because it is the foundation of children’s future cognitive, behavioral and emotional well-being. Children during this stage require love and physical and verbal stimulation. Children who are well nurtured have a betterRead MoreChronic Illness Of The American Population947 Words   |  4 PagesA child is not their disease, neither is their family. However, it is often difficult for them to disconnect their self from the detrimental effects of it. In spite of the fact that the majority of the American population appears quite healthy, over 32 million children are currently suffering from a chronic illness. According to njhealth.org, chronic illness is â€Å"an illness that may last throughout a person’s life, although the frequency and severity of symptoms can change.† Nearly 43% of AmericanRead MoreIs Patient Abuse Or Neglect Of Individuals Who Are Under The Care Of A Health Care Organization?1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe definition of patient abuse is the mistreatment or neglect of individuals who are under the care of a health care organization (Pozgar, 2013). In the United States, the vulnerable populations for this abuse are the elderly and children. Patient abuse is not only in an institutional setting, but also at home. The rise of elderly patients has increased in recent years due to the aging of the baby boomers. Currently, 13% of the population is over the age of 65 (NCEA, 2014). Many cases of elderRead MoreLong Term Effects of Childhood Separation Anxiety1230 Words   |  5 Pagesour overall health. Childhood separation anxiety disorder can be used to predict the likelihood that a child will develop mental disorders such as depression. I conclude that childhood separation anxiety disorder can be harmful to the mental health of the child in adolescence and adulthood. Introduction Through my research I wanted to find the connections between childhood separation anxiety disorder and mental disorders in adolescence and adulthood. What are the long-term health effects thatRead MoreThe Health Belief Model Of Childhood Obesity Essay1654 Words   |  7 Pagescare of the nation. Every child is different and every child has something they can contribute to our growing society. Our society is growing in population size but also waist size. Children’s health has always been something that I feel very passionate about and knowing that childhood obesity is a growing trend is really scary to me. Childhood obesity can lead to many future issues health wise but also self-esteem issues as well. Working with children and children’s health would be a great thing forRead MoreIs Child Obesity Child Abuse?892 Words   |  4 Pages Is Child Obesity Child Abuse? The rate of childhood obesity has become a progressive problem. According to A. Jansen, Mulkens, and E. Jansen (2011), neuroscience professors, â€Å"In the United States, about 17% of all children and adolescents are overweight, where as an additional 16.5% are at the risk of becoming overweight† (p. 501). Child obesity has increased drastically in the last few years. A person is considered obese if they posses an abnormally large amount of body fat. Lawyer Sciarani (2010)

Social and Cultural Construction of Risk - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Social and Cultural Construction of Risk. Answer: Introduction The discussion aims at understanding the different aspects of the social construction and the concept of sociological imagination. This discussion will be helping to evaluate the situations of unemployment in Australia. It will assist to understand the manner in which it is affecting the livelihood of the people there. The sociological imagination has helped in determining the effects of the unemployment on the society with a degrading standard of living. The relation of the different aspects of the unemployment is related to the growth of the enterprises in the economy. The unemployment in the region has narrowed the scope of healthcare. It has also affected the people, as they cannot afford the housing facilities. The unemployment in Australia has affected the livelihood of the people in the individual level. The proper understanding of the society is based on the determination of the perspectives through which the human behavior can be perceived. The sociological imagination helps in determining the different aspects that interlinks the individuals and the society (Johnsonand Covello 2012). It helps in ensuring the proper understanding of the different aspects that unifies the issues faced by the individuals with the society. On the other hand, the term social construction helps in determining the initiative that is being undertaken by the individuals in order to construct the society according to their own perceptions (Abdelkerim and Grace 2012). It helps in determining the variations in the society. On the other hand, the livelihood of the people and the diminishing economic conditions affects the growth of the society (Sanford2017). The unemployment has created situations of imbalance in the society, which has affected the lifestyle of the people. The poor employment conditions affect the economic position of the nation where wealth is accumulated in the hands of few and the rest are ignored of the privilege. In a broader society, the economic structure of the society is based on the understanding of the different factors that affects the growth. It is estimated that some 32% of the Australians are affected by the different factors of unemployment and poverty (Sanford 2017). Lysaker and Miller(2013) stated that the economic transgression of the region is affected by the individual growth. It has affected the GDP of the nation as the radical nature of the unemployment has affected the growth of the individuals thereby affecting the society. The crime rate of the less developed areas of the region is sure to increase by 12% with the lack of proper employment options. It will be affecting the society based on the individual standards. On the other hand, the proper understanding of the social construction helps in determining the aspects of the change that is required to be undertaken in order to bring in improvements in the society. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be stated that the proper identification of the different factors of unemployment has contributed to the study of the social imagination. The study is facilitated through the determination of the link between the individual and the society and the manner in which the issue that is being faced by the individuals in the society affects the society. The issues that are being faced by the people due to the unemployment have affected the livelihood of the individuals, which created an impact on the growth of the social culture. References Abdelkerim, A.A. and Grace, M., 2012. Challenges to employment in newly emerging African communities in Australia: A review of the literature.Australian Social Work,65(1), pp.104-119. Johnson, B.B. and Covello, V.T. eds., 2012.The social and cultural construction of risk: Essays on risk selection and perception(Vol. 3). Springer Science Business Media. Lysaker, J.T. and Miller, A., 2013. Engaging social imagination: The developmental work of wordless book reading.Journal of Early Childhood Literacy,13(2), pp.147-174. Sanford, N., 2017.Self and society: Social change and individual development. Routledge.

The Cask or Amontillado VS. The Black Cat Essay Example

The Cask or Amontillado VS. The Black Cat Paper When used efficiently, the characterization and voice of a story can prevent the reader from condemning a characters actions. In horror novels, readers enjoy reading about plots that contain horrific bloody details on the deaths of innocent victims. Usually, the thought of death is painful for most humans but when we are engaged in a book we overlook the victims agony, instead we feed off of it to make ourselves feel complete and jubilant. We also make ourselves believe that the villains always have a motive to kill or harm others. This motive is our sanctuary. We are so sadistic and malevolent that we think that any motive to kill is acceptable, and this allows us to imagine ourselves as the killer. The characterization of characters and how the story is told can also make us believe that the killer is not truly the villain because we are told to think that the victim caused their own death. In The Cask of Amontillado Poe uses characterization and voice to prevent the reader from condemning Montressors actions. This is shown when Montressor immediately admits to the reader that he is going to commit a crime, Montressor also tells us exactly how he kills Fortunato, and Fortunato is characterized as a very proud person. In The Cask of Amontillado Montressor immediately admits to the reader that he will kill Fortunato, because Fortunato insulted him, from this we realize that there is an external conflict between the two men. Montressor tells the reader that The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as best I could; but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge (Poe, 1). We will write a custom essay sample on The Cask or Amontillado VS. The Black Cat specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Cask or Amontillado VS. The Black Cat specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Cask or Amontillado VS. The Black Cat specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This means that Montressor is sick of Fortunato, and wants revenge because Fortunato goaded him. Montressors motive for killing Fortunato was because he was insulted by him. The voice of the story makes the reader forgive Montressor for wanting to kill a person because he had a motive for doing so. In addition, Montressor also states that he wants to punish Fortunato. Montressor makes this very clearly when he says I must not only punish, but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser (Poe, 1). Montressor wants to punish Fortunato without having to be punished himself, because he thinks that would be superfluous. This is how Montressor is going to kill Fortunato. He is going to kill him very mysteriously, so no one can assume that he was the one that committed the murder. Finally, Montressor admits to the reader that he will commit a crime, which he will not be accused of committing, because Montressor admits that he will commit a crime due to a motive the reader slightly forgives him and wonders how the conflict between Fortunato and Montressor will end. Edgar Allan Poe uses the voice of Montressor as first person to narrate The Cask of Amontillado, Montressor just so happens to be the murderer. First person narratives make us think that what is being said should be reliable, because they are telling us exactly what they have encountered. Throughout the story Montressor tells us exactly how he kills Fortunato, though his eyes. This makes us feel less sympathetic about Fortunatos death because we are seeing it though the eyes of the killer. This causes us to feel as though we are the ones killing Fortunato. In other words, since we are sadistic creatures from birth, we over look the fact that we are witnessing a crime punishable by death, instead we are encouraging Montressor to continue his deed to see how Fortunato will die. Montressor begins his deed by luring Fortunato into a catacomb where he has asked Fortunato to test some amontillado. The two men continue until Fortunato coughs heavily. This causes Montressor to say we will go back; your health is precious (Poe, 2). Montressor tries to persuade Fortunato that he is sick and that he should return home, but Fortunato refuses to. This question is asked a number of times throughout The Cask of Amontillado and every time it is asked the sadistic reader hopes that Fortunato will not turn back, so we can see how he dies. Montressor and Fortunato continue into the catacombs until they reach a niche where Fortunato is forced into while Montressor begins to vigorously wall up the entrance of the niche (Poe, 4). The stacking of the bricks to build a wall is seen though Montressors eyes, so the reader feels as if they are Montressor and they are the ones building the wall. This prevents the reader from feeling any sorrow for Fortunato because we are sadistic creatures that enjoy causing pain and lamentation. Lastly, the use of first person narrative allows the reader to connect to the narrator and forget about the suffering of another persons death, because they feel as though they are Montressor committing the crime. In general, when we are reading about inflicting pain on someone we do not think about the person dying, instead we think about the person that is killing. In The Cask of Amontillado Fortunato is characterized as a foolish arrogant drunkard that caused his own death. Fortunato is given many opportunities to turn back, but he continues on into the catacombs. When Montressor gives Fortunato the chance to return home he always concludes it with besides there is Luchesi- (Poe, 2). The idea of another person testing the wine is a terrible thought for Fortunato because he is very proud of his connoisseurship for fine wine, and wants to prove to Montressor that his taste for wine is far greater than that of Luchesis. This is how Fortunato brought his death upon himself, because he could not help but prove to Montressor that he has a greater taste for wine than Luchesi. Following this further, Fortunato is a foolish man that actually believes that Montressor wants him to test some Amontillado. Even when Montressor is sealing up the niche, which basically means that Fortunato is going to die, Fortunato is absurd enough to think that is it all a joke and laughs about it Ha! ha! ha! he! he! he! a very good joke indeed- an excellent jest (Poe, 5). When Fortunato says this, he still does not understand that he is going to die by the hands of Montressor. He is a fool to think that what is happening to him is all a joke. It is quite obvious that the Amontillado is a fallacy, and that being chained to a wall inside of a niche is a portent of a dolorous death. Fortunato should have realized that entering the catacombs would bring him to his death, but instead he follows Montressor though the catacombs, not expecting anything along the way. Fortunato is a gullible fool to think that Montressor is doing all of this just for some laughs and that he will actually let Fortunato test some Amontillado. When in reality Montressor is planning to kill him. Therefore, Fortunatos arrogance and foolishness cost him his life. In conclusion, Montressor is a remorseless killer, but the use of characterization and voice prevents the reader from thinking that Montressor is the villain. Poe begins The Cask of Amontillado by stating that Montressor will commit a crime due to a motive, this allows the reader to immediately want to forgive Montressor because he admits that he will do wrong. Poe also leads us into the malevolent mind of Montressor by telling the story in first person and shows us step by step how the death of Fortunato occurs through the eyes of Montressor. Poe characterizes the victim as an arrogant foolish drunkard, so the reader does not necessarily see him as innocent or feel bad about his death. Therefore, the use of characterization and voice can dramatically change a persons perspective on death and killing. I leave you with one question: Are we not as cruel and sadistic as the texts we read?

Ancient Rome The Birthplace of Modern Sports

Ancient Rome The Birthplace of Modern Sports Introduction The popularity of sporting competition in the modern society reflects that of the ancient Roman Empire’s vision for its society. Entertainment was an important aspect of the daily life of Roman citizens, hence their interest in sporting games and events. Most of today’s sporting games can be traced back to these games, albeit with a few or major changes. Games such as horseracing, ball games, board games, and the gladiator fights, which began in Rome, are still enjoyed in different parts of the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Rome: The Birthplace of Modern Sports specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Several aspects of sporting events in ancient Rome can be observed today, for example, the similarity of gladiator contests to organized modern sports (Ow, para. 1). Gladiators were trained in special schools using methods are still used in training today’s professional athlete s. Several aspects of the gladiatorial games can be readily observed in today’s football, hockey, boxing, and wrestling contests in these events, the opponents dress in some form of armor, use game weapons, attract huge crowds, adopt fancy names and titles and frequently gain much popularity and prosperity (Hicks, para. 3). Even the stadium architecture used back in the day is still in application. Modern-day horse and vehicle racing competitions exhibit great resemblance to the Circus-Maximus in Rome, where horses competed and the chariots crashed into each other to the delight of crowds. Discussion Sporting events and activities in ancient Rome were very popular among the natives. The Colosseum in Rome, where most sporting events were held, was a huge showground that could hold more than 45,000 people. It was here that the Romans came to watch the violent and sometimes bloody battles that associated with the Romans. Events consisted of battles between gladiators, and even b etween gladiators and wild animals such as lions (Oracle, para. 8). Another favorite sport was chariot racing. This sport exhibited stiff competition and often ended in injury or death of the participants or their horses. Roman charioteers, most of whom were slaves, were referred to as aurigae and would partake in this sport to become prominent, earn sufficient money, and buy their freedom. Chariot racing was one of the most popular sports in ancient Rome, it later spread to other parts of the world and is a favorite sport in some nations. Sporting events turned into a show of display with fierce competition as the winners were rewarded and became popular and were subject to favors. To ensure that the games attracted huge numbers, the authorities spent a lot of money on the games but entrance, in most cases, was free. Publicly financed games also continued into the provinces with each region having its own amphitheater. Amphitheaters were the most common venues for sporting activiti es, the first of which was built at around 29 BC.Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The amphitheater was oval or elliptical with sloping seats and supported on solid rocks. They were initially carved out of earth but this changed and the Romans started using cement to strengthen them. A velum protected the crowd from elements of weather and in larger structures, underground floors were constructed to hold animals before a battle (Oracle, para. 10). The stands offered a spectacular view of the arena and with the crowds cheering on their favorite teams or individual, the view from the stands must have been a wonderful experience for anyone who attended. Despite borrowing heavily from the ancient Roman, today’s sporting events are not about competition anymore, rather, they are focused on making profits. Competition is an integral ethos of the game as it creates ferv or within the spectators, just as it was in ancient Rome. It is common to hear of match fixing and game cheats aimed at making some teams win through unfair tactics that were devoid in the ancient events. Influence of Roman Stadiums The architecture of the Roman amphitheaters can be easily recognized in today’s stadiums. The amphitheaters were elliptical or near-circle in shape. The most famous of these was the Colosseum which covered almost six acres and with a height of 48.5 m. The structure is classical template for today’s stadia; the sloping seats, retractable roof, elliptical shape†¦ all these borrow from the ancient Roman architecture. Modern sports has not only borrowed in the sphere of architecture, it has also borrowed aspects such as pre-game rituals and names. For example, the University of South California’s stadium is referred to as The Coliseum, even though the stadium is larger than the real Coliseum, it borrows from the Roman architecture, similar to most stadia. The Romans developed cement by mixing volcanic ash from Mount Vesuvius with slaked lime, this created a product that could harden when mixed with water and they used this to make building foundations to most of their structures, including the Coliseum. This has been replicated in the construction of modern stadia. Despite the Romans’ dexterity in construction, historical evidence suggests that the stadium construction began in Greece, the word itself comes from the Greek word â€Å"stadion†, a measure of length equal to 200m. The Romans just emulated what had begun years earlier.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Rome: The Birthplace of Modern Sports specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Training of Gladiators Gladiators were trained in special institutions initially run by private individuals, but later possessed by the imperial state to avoid the emergence of a private milita ry. The fighters were trained like athletes, similar to modern day training of professional athletes (Meijer, pp. 67). They were given medical attention and were served food thrice a day. They were trained on the usa of various weapons (Ablemedia, para. 1). Successful gladiators became respectable and were famous among the low and high in the society and their role as entertainers was honored in valuable and commonplace items all over the empire. The athletes stayed in cells within the training school and a typical day would have begun with a breakfast followed by some light warm-up exercise. Immediately, they would go into full training in the presence of their trainer, only breaking at lunch, and resuming in the afternoon. This is unlike modern athletes who hire a private coach and return to their residential areas after training, besides, today’s training procedure is more structured and everything is done according to book. Conclusion The Romans have had had a huge influe nce in today’s sporting activities and events. Their contribution is not only in field events, it can be seen in other outdoor activities such as horseracing, called Chariot racing in ancient Rome. The Romans participated in boxing, ball games and Greek-style athletics too, all popular sports today. However, it can not be said that the more common sporting activities have their origin among the ancient Romans, but they definitely adopted them with so much zeal that laws had to be enacted to control them! Ablemedia. Gladiatorial Training Combat. 2007. Web. Hicks, Jesse. Probing Question: Is Football the Gladiator Sport for Modern Americans? September 14, 2009. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Meijer, Fik. The Gladiators: The Deadliest Sport. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2003. Ow, Yong-Ling. Violence and the Romans: The Arena Spectacles. 1994. Web. Oracle. Daily Life. 2010. Web.

Philosophy of Food - An Authentic Approach to Eating

Philosophy of Food - An Authentic Approach to Eating A good philosophical question can arise from anywhere. Did you ever think, for example, that sitting down to dinner or strolling through the supermarket might serve as a good introduction to philosophical thinking? That is the foremost philosopher of food’s credo. What’s Philosophical About Food? Philosophy of food finds its basis on the idea that food is a mirror. You may have heard the saying ‘we are what we eat.’ Well, there is more to say regarding this relation. Eating mirrors the making of a self, that is, the array of decisions and circumstances that bring us to eat the way we do. In them, we can see reflected a detailed and comprehensive image of ourselves. Philosophy of food reflects on the ethical, political, social, artistic, identity-defining aspects of food. It spurs from the challenge to more actively pondering our diets and eating habits so as to understand who we are in a deeper, more authentic way. Food as a Relation Food is a relation. Something is food only with respect to some organism, in a set of circumstances. These, first of all, are bound to vary from moment to moment. For instance, coffee and pastry are a fine breakfast or afternoon snack; yet, to most of us they are unpalatable for dinner. Secondly, circumstances are bound to involve principles that are, at least in appearance, contradictory. Say, you refrain from eating soda at home, but at the bowling alley, you enjoy one. At the supermarket, you buy only non-organic meat, but on vacation, you crave for a McBurger with fries. As such, any given ‘food relation is first and foremost the mirror of an eater: depending on the circumstances, it represents the eater’s needs, habits, convictions, deliberations, and compromises. Food Ethics Probably the most obvious philosophical aspects of our diet are the ethical convictions that shape it. Would you eat a cat? A rabbit? Why or why not? It’s likely that the reasons you give for your stance are rooted in ethical principles, such as: â€Å"I love too much cats to eat them!† or even â€Å"How could you do such a thing!† Or, consider vegetarianism: a large number of those who conform to this diet do so to prevent unjustified violence being done to animals other than human. In Animal Liberation, Peter Singer labeled â€Å"speciesism† the attitude of those who draw unjustified distinctions between Homo sapiens and other animal species (like racism sets an unjustified distinction between one race and all others). Clearly, some of those rules are mingled with religious principles: justice and heaven can come together on the table at, as they do on other occasions. Food as Art? Can food be art? Can a cook ever aspire to be an artist on a par with Michelangelo, Leonardo, and Van Gogh? This question has spurred heated debates over the past years. Some argued that food is (at best) a minor art. For three main reasons. First, because foods are short-lived in comparison to, e.g., chunks of marble. Second, food is intrinsically linked to a practical purpose – nourishment. Third, food depends on its material constitution in a way in which music, painting, or even sculpture are not. A song such as â€Å"Yesterday† has been released on vinyl, cassette, CD, and as a mp3; food cannot be alike transferred. The best cooks would hence be very good artisans; they can be paired with fancy hairdressers or skilled gardeners. On the other hand, some think that this perspective is unfair. Cooks have recently started featuring in art shows and this seems to concretely disprove the previous remarks. Probably the most famous case in point is Ferran Adri, the Catalan chef who revolutionized the world of cooking over the past three decades. Food Experts Americans keep in high esteem the role of food experts; French and Italians notoriously do not. Probably, it’s because of different ways to regard the practice of evaluation of a food. Is that French onion soup authentic? The review says the wine is elegant: is that the case? Food or wine tasting is arguably an entertaining activity, and it’s a conversation starter. Yet, is there a truth when it comes to judgments about food? This is one of the hardest philosophical questions. In his famous essay â€Å"Of the Standard of Taste†, David Hume shows how one can be inclined to answer both â€Å"Yes† and â€Å"No† to that question. On the one hand, my tasting experience is not yours, so it is totally subjective; on the other, provided an adequate level of expertise, there is nothing odd with imagining to challenge a reviewer’s opinion about a wine or a restaurant. Food Science Most foods we buy at the supermarket carry on their labels â€Å"nutritional facts†. We use them in order to guide ourselves in our diet, to stay healthy. But, what do those numbers have to do really with the stuff we have in front of us and with our stomachs? What â€Å"facts† do they help us establishing really? Can nutritionism be regarded as a natural science on a par with – say – cell biology? For historians and philosophers of science, food is a fertile terrain of research because it raises basic questions regarding the validity of laws of nature (do we really know any law regarding metabolism?) and the structure of scientific research (who finances the studies on the nutritional facts you find on the labels?) Food Politics Food is also at the center of a number of funding questions for political philosophy. Here are some. One. The challenges that food consumption poses to the environment. For example, did you know that factory farming is responsible for a higher rate of pollution than airfare travel? Two. Food trades raise issues of fairness and equity in the global market. Exotic goods such as coffee, tea, and chocolate are chief examples: through the history of their commerce, we can reconstruct the complex relationships between continents, States, and people over the past three-four centuries. Three. Food production, distribution, and retail is an opportunity to talk about the condition of workers across the earth. Food and Self-Understanding In the end, as the average person enters at least a few ‘food relations’ per day, a refusal to ponder eating habits in a meaningful manner can be likened to a lack of self-understanding or lack authenticity. Since self-understanding and authenticity are among the chief aims of philosophical inquiry, then food becomes a true key to philosophical insight. The gist of the philosophy of food is hence the quest for an authentic diet, a quest that can be readily furthered by analyzing other aspects of ‘food relations’.

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