frames of the iraqi war Essay -- essays research papers

The Frames of the Iraqi WarThere are many views, theories, perspectives, and ideas pertaining to the War in Iraq. Throughout the last three years, as more and more information becomes available, the reasons for going to war with Iraq has changed. The War in Iraq would be considered a social movement. Therefore, it has many collective action frames, which legitimize a set of beliefs about a certain action or movement. The first pro-war frame is the first reasoning that the government gave for going to war with Iraq in the starting signal weapons of mass destruction. The United States had reason to believe that Sadaam Hussein, Iraqs leader, had weapons of mass destruction and was harboring terrorists or contributing to terrorist actions. This could be identified as the motivational frame. It seemed as though America had a legitimate, rational explanation for invading Iraq. The United States government had both factors that contributed to the effectiveness of the frame credibility an d relative salience. The motivational frame, weapons of mass destruction, was stipulation credibility when it was said by the Central Intelligence Agency that they had reason to believe that Iraq was producing such weapons. It was also given credibility when the President identified Iraq as part of the Axis of Evil and a threat to the United States. The American people look at the President to know the information...

Best Friends :: Friendship Essay Personal Narrative

Best FriendsSteam hung heavily in the air as Ashli Jacobson stood with her head bowed, letting the streams of hot water beat against her back. The communicate set by the sink blared a heavy bass line and undecipherable words. Reluctantly, she turned the shower off, wiped the water from her eyes and stepped from the dripping shower stall. A jerky pounding on the door jerked her out of her reverie. What was I just thinking about? Blast- Ashli? Are you going to be out soon? Ashli sighed, suppressing the urge to yell, No Im staying in here(predicate) forever Ill be out in a minute, she called instead, wiping vapor from the mirror. Hurry up, would you? Ashli turned off the radio and secured a pink, fluffy pass over around herself. Her bare feet making tiny puddles on the cool tile floor, she went to the door and opened it. Chilly air from the hallway hit her sharply and she shivered, clutching the wipe closer. Jenny waited in the hall. Her blue eyes flashed with impatience. I have to put my face on before my date. She brushed past Ashli and planted herself in face up of the mirror. What time is it? Ashli asked, aware she was dripping on the floor. She raked a hand through her sopping wet hair. Almost seven, Jenny answered, searching for her mascara. Joshua will be here soon. Ashlis brain began to make a list of all the things she had to do before her best friend arrived for their Saturday night ritual of popcorn, television, and conversation. Jenny looked at Ashli doubtfully. Are you sealed? He hasnt called. Ashli impatiently swiped away a lock of wet hair before answering. He never calls. Hell be here. Its Saturday night. We never miss a Saturday together. I noticed. Jenny began to apply blush to her cheeks. You two are awfully close, she commented. Ashli rolled her green eyes and sighed. Thats why hes my best friend, as opposed to just a friend. How did his doctors appointment go? The question caught Ashli off guard. Not only did it come out of nowhere, but Ashli never shared important information like that with Jenny. Well, since you patently listened to our telephone conversation, you know the doctors are satisfied that there isnt any trace of leukemia left. He has a clean bill of health, Ashli answered through clenched teeth.Best Friends familiarity Essay Personal NarrativeBest FriendsSteam hung heavily in the air as Ashli Jacobson stood with her head bowed, letting the streams of hot water beat against her back. The radio by the sink blared a heavy bass line and undecipherable words. Reluctantly, she turned the shower off, wiped the water from her eyes and stepped from the dripping shower stall. A abrupt pounding on the door jerked her out of her reverie. What was I just thinking about? Blast- Ashli? Are you going to be out soon? Ashli sighed, suppressing the urge to yell, No Im staying in here forever Ill be out in a minute, she called instead, wiping vapor from the mirror. Hurry up, would you? Ashli turned off the radio and secured a pink, fluffy pass over around herself. Her bare feet making tiny puddles on the cool tile floor, she went to the door and opened it. Chilly air from the hallway hit her sharply and she shivered, clutching the pass over closer. Jenny waited in the hall. Her blue eyes flashed with impatience. I have to put my face on before my date. She brushed past Ashli and planted herself in summit of the mirror. What time is it? Ashli asked, aware she was dripping on the floor. She raked a hand through her sopping wet hair. Almost seven, Jenny answered, searching for her mascara. Joshua will be here soon. Ashlis brain began to make a list of all the things she had to do before her best friend arrived for their Saturday night ritual of popcorn, television, and conversation. Jenny looked at Ashli doubtfully. Are you sure? He hasnt called. Ashli impatiently swiped away a lock of wet hair before answering. He never calls. Hell be here. Its Saturday night. We never miss a Saturday to gether. I noticed. Jenny began to apply blush to her cheeks. You two are awfully close, she commented. Ashli rolled her green eyes and sighed. Thats why hes my best friend, as opposed to just a friend. How did his doctors appointment go? The question caught Ashli off guard. Not only did it come out of nowhere, but Ashli never shared important information like that with Jenny. Well, since you on the face of it listened to our telephone conversation, you know the doctors are satisfied that there isnt any trace of leukemia left. He has a clean bill of health, Ashli answered through clenched teeth.

Factors that Lead to Teen Pregnancy Essay -- Teen Pregnant Pregnancy E

Factors that Lead to Teen Pregnancy Although the overall rate of jejune maternity has been declining, the rates have remained game for teens that are most vulnerable. The great majority of Americans believe that teen pregnancies are a serious national problem, indeed a problem that is the major dowery of what is thought to be national moral decline. However, what causes these teens to become pregnant at such a young age? A large body of look into has identified a number of factores that underlie teen versed and contraceptive behavior, pregnancy, and chelabearing. in that location exists a three part framework of the factors underlying teen pregnancy. There are biological antecedents, including gender, age, testosterone level, and timing of puberty. These factors are causally connect to adolescent sexual and contraceptive behavior and pregnancy. A second group of antecedents can be viewed as manifestations of social disorganization or advantage (Kirby, 1997). These include factors in the community and the family such as violent crime, poverty, unemployment, family marital suspension, parents lack of education, poor child rearing practice, lack of parental support, and inappropriate sexual pressure or abuse. The second group also includes factors in the individual teen such as lack of religious affiliation, drug and alcohol use, engaging in risk behaviors and deviance, delinquency, poor educational performance, and low expectations for the future. A third group of antecedents are attitudes and beliefs around sexual behavior and pregnancy. These include beliefs, personal values, and perceived norms. Among the many factors which may lead to teen pregnancy, the four that are most predictive of ahead of time pregnancy are poverty, early behavioral problems, family problems, and a low self esteem. There are several theories about the reasons why so many young women in poverty become pregnant and carry to full term. Faced with an unintended preg nancy, many teens living in poverty are likely to view early childbearing as a positive, desirable choice. These teens feel that becoming pregnant may in fact improve their lives. Economics may also be responsible for the lower percentage of poor teens who terminate their pregnancies, since Medicaid policies in most states do not pay for abortions, but do pay for services related to childbirth. In addition, some re... ...hildren who are less likely to have early intercourse. Early childhood experiences can make all the difference. Higher levels of parent to teen communication have been related to less permissive sexual attitudes, whereas poor communication with parents and lack of parental support has been linked to earlier initiation of sexual activity. Both high levels of parental supervision and close relationships between adolescents and their parents were related to later timing of teen sexual activity. In addition, parental marital disruption and living with a single parent is associated with the early onset of sexual behavior. This finding probably reflects such factors as lower family incomes, less partental supervision, and parental modeling. The large, complicated, and interrelate accumulation of factors suggest that the course that leads to adolescent sexual activity and pregnancy is complex. Kirby states that not merely one or two, but a multitude of antecedents are related to one or more sexual behaviors and pregnancy, including characteristics of the teens themselves, their peers and sexual partners, their families and their communities and states (Kirby, 1997).

Essay --

It has become obvious that some people push asidenot drive without having some form of anger at other drivers. These people are usually tolerant and kind outside of their vehicles but as soon as they start up their car, a strange phenomenon begins- Road rage. How can kind natured people sire thoroughfare rage? Is there something about driving that makes people tick? A few doctors and psychologists have found answers behind this problem, and some of the answers are rather shocking. People around other drivers have become much aggressive, territorial, and mean. It happens every day. A person could be driving the speed limit but other car behind baffles frustrated, rides too closely as if they are about to crash, and then speeds past honking like a maniac. Some people who have no temper problem admit to losing control when they are driving. For some road ragers, its a need for control, to counter to other drivers who they feel violate their proxemic space, or their need for poss ession of their lane or their part of the road. For others, its unchecked anger and aggression. Its hormone-based, primitive, small-brain thinking, bringing a lack of emotional intelligence or the need to dominate someone else and their unsharable space. Add in unchecked egos, the need for superiority, narcissistic pride my vehicle is bigger than yours. This is quoted by Dr. Steve Albrecht who has written the article The psychological science of Road Rage. According to Dr. Steve Albrecht, it seems like some people have road rage because they feel as if they own the road, and do not let anyone get in their way. When they do, they are seen as violating the persons space.There is also shocking news coming from Dr. Emil Coccaro, in the article Road Rage Gets a Medical Diagnosis... ... influence emotions and actions. Another way to help with road rage would be to set a good example on the road with children so they have less of a change to have road rage problems as well. Children usual ly copy the way their parents are, and if they are calm on the road there is a good chance the children will too when it is their turn to drive.It seems like road rage is a mix between nature and nurture. It can be a psychological reason or how one was raised. Road rage should be more noticed than what it is today so people could do something about this growing problem. If ones who know they have a problem with road rage, they should go see a professional so they could find out wherefore it is happening so often when it should not be or even use the techniques mentioned before. If road rage and the dangers of it is taken more notice, a lot more lives could be saved.

ebonics Essay example -- essays research papers

Ebonics means black speech (a blend of the words ebony black and phonics sounds). The phrase was created in 1973 by a group of black scholars who disliked the negative connotations of name like Nonstandard Negro English that had been coined in the 1960s when the first modern large-scale linguistic studies of African American speech communities began. However, the term Ebonics never caught on amongst linguists, a lot less among the general public. That only changed with the Ebonics controversy of December 1996 when the Oakland (CA) School Board recognized it as the primary language of its majority African American students and resolved to waste it into account in teaching them standard or academic English. Clearly there is a problem with these children that may be addressed by looking for at language. The role that Ebonics may play in changing the above statistics is a practical question. Only the completion of a program including Ebonics, and time, will violate the answer. Wha tever the basic agenda in Oakland California, it is important to look at the question of Ebonics from the point of view of doing what is best for children. Acknowledging the strength of Ebonics in no expressive style redes teaching Ebonics in place of Standard English. Acknowledging the strength of Ebonics can and should serve to ease the teaching of Standard English. Many people see Ebonics as " glow language", and "slang", and are quite outspoken about it. These beliefs are deeply rooted in society. Resistance to the acknowledgment that Blacks who use Ebonics may be speaking a unique language is very strong, but I believe it is important to challenge the belief that Ebonics is "slang". Some people kick in stated that the movement to recognize Ebonics is Afro-Centrism at its worst. I would argue that the attempts to squelch Ebonics are Euro-Centrism at its worst and most intense. Ebonics includes non-slang words like ashy (referring to the appearing of d ry skin, especially in winter), which have been around for a while, and are used by people of all age groups. These typical Ebonics pronunciations are all logical. For example, Ebonics speakers often create sentences without present tense is and are, as in " They allright or "They allright". But they dont leave out present tense am. Instead of the ungrammatical *"Ah walkin", Eboni... ...uite various and that the conditions necessary for the emergence of a fully-fledged creole language were never met in the US. These scholars have shown on a number of occasions that what look like distinctive features of AAVE today actually have a precedent in various varieties of English spoken in Great Britain and the Southern linked States. It seems reasonable to suggest that both views are partially correct and that AAVE developed to some extent through restructuring while it also inherited many of its today distinctive features from cured varieties of English, which were once widely spoken.While the situation in this case is made more extreme by the context of racial and ethnic conflict, inequality and injury in the United States, it is not unique. Such undecided attitudes towards abnormal varieties of a language have been documented for many communities around the world and in the United States.References Smitherman, G. (1991). Talking and testifyin Black English and the Black experience. In Reginald Jones (Ed.) Black Psychology.(3rd ed., pp. 249-268). Berkeley, CA Cobb & Henry Spears, A. K. (1984). Towards a new view of Black English. The Journal, 1, 94-103.

ebonics Essay example -- essays research papers

Ebonics means colour speech (a blend of the terminology ebony black and phonics sounds). The phrase was created in 1973 by a group of black scholars who disliked the negative connotations of terminuss like Nonstandard Negro English that had been coined in the 1960s when the first modern large-scale linguistic studies of African American speech communities began. However, the term Ebonics never caught on amongst linguists, much less among the general public. That all changed with the Ebonics controversy of December 1996 when the Oakland (CA) School Board recognized it as the primary langu mature of its majority African American students and resolved to take it into account in teaching them standard or academic English. Clearly there is a problem with these children that may be addressed by looking at language. The role that Ebonics may play in changing the above statistics is a practical question. Only the completion of a program including Ebonics, and time, will reveal the answer. Whatever the basic agenda in Oakland California, it is important to look at the question of Ebonics from the point of debate of doing what is best for children. Acknowledging the military strength of Ebonics in no way suggests teaching Ebonics in place of Standard English. Acknowledging the strength of Ebonics can and should serve to ease the teaching of Standard English. Many citizenry see Ebonics as "gutter language", and " tease", and are quite outspoken about it. These beliefs are deeply rooted in society. Resistance to the extension that Blacks who use Ebonics may be speaking a unique language is very strong, but I believe it is important to challenge the belief that Ebonics is "slang". Some people have stated that the movement to recognize Ebonics is Afro-Centrism at its worst. I would argue that the attempts to squelch Ebonics are Euro-Centrism at its worst and most in strive. Ebonics includes non-slang words like ashy (referring to the appearance of dry skin, especially in winter), which have been nigh for a while, and are used by people of all age groups. These distinctive Ebonics pronunciations are all logical. For example, Ebonics speakers often create sentences without present tense is and are, as in " They allright or "They allright". But they dont leave out present tense am. Instead of the ungrammatical *"Ah walkin", Eboni... ...uite different and that the conditions necessary for the emergence of a fully-fledged creole language were never met in the US. These scholars have shown on a number of cause that what look like distinctive features of AAVE today actually have a precedent in various varieties of English spoken in Great Britain and the gray United States. It seems reasonable to suggest that both views are partially correct and that AAVE developed to some extent through restructuring while it also inherited more of its today distinctive features from older varieties of English, which wer e once widely spoken.While the situation in this case is made more extreme by the context of racial and ethnic conflict, inequality and prejudice in the United States, it is not unique. Such undecided attitudes towards abnormal varieties of a language have been documented for many communities around the world and in the United States.References Smitherman, G. (1991). Talking and testifyin Black English and the Black experience. In Reginald Jones (Ed.) Black Psychology.(3rd ed., pp. 249-268). Berkeley, CA Cobb & Henry Spears, A. K. (1984). Towards a new view of Black English. The Journal, 1, 94-103.

5 R’s Strategy Essay

It is proven that accent mark has a major effect on our overall health. In browse to live the healthiest possible, people moldiness find ways to eliminate or reduce the stress in their daily lives. The PowerPoint we are to reflect on provides a great method for coping with stress. According to the PowerPoint, adopting the 5 Rs is the best way to manage daily stress. These 5 Rs have for vex, rethink, reduce, relax, and release. These Rs are different strategies that can be used together or independently to vie with stress. The first R , reorganize, focuses on reorganizing yourself into a healthy, custom lifestyle. This strategy suggests the importance of making life easier on you. For instance, if you take things one at a duration, plan until nowts ahead of time, and do your best maculation letting go of the outcome, your stress/anxiety level will decrease significantly. By reorganizing your priorities youre in conclusion eliminating long term stress.See more The Issues Conce rning identity Theft EssayThe next R strategy that can be used to cope with stress is rethink. In order to rethink, a person must start from within. The rethink strategy is all about charging the positive energy within ourselves. By using daily affirmations, visualizing your goal, talking about negative feelings, or even journal writing we can change our way of thinking to help block the stress our of our minds. The third R used to shrink the stress is reduce. In order to reduce stress a person must be assertive and practice time management. With this strategy you can either overturn or abolish a stressor. The next R mentioned is relax, and is another effective way to manage stress. This is probably the easiest strategy to implement. This strategy calls for play time and ultimately taking time out of the day to appreciate you. This strategy to me stresses to simple fact that life is short but sweet for certain, and we should stop and appreciate it. The demerit down R in the 5 Rs model is release.This can be achieved by walking the dog, taking a yoga class, hitting a pillow, or even screaming. Anyway to release the tension out of your body can greatly reduce the buildup of stress in the body. In my opinions these strategies are all interrelated. I try to use all of these strategies on a daily basis however, there are two Rs that I have a firmly time implementing in my daily stress struggle. Reorganizing and rethinking are the two strategies that I constantly need to remind myself to use. I think they are hard for me, because they are the two hardest strategies to make use of. Its very hard sometimes to step back, take a look at the mess you created, and reorganize it. In the face paced world that we live in taking things slow isnt really an option sometimes. For me one of the biggest stressors in my life is taking on too much.Ill have a big list of things to do, and they will all catch up to me at the same time. I know that I can reorganize and eliminate a lot of this stress by trying to tackle a problem one at a time and accepting the outcome as it falls. Rethink is also a difficult strategy for me. This is because I am usually very hard on myself even over the smallest things. All this inner negative dialogue eventually brings my anxiety level to a tipping point, and I freak out and have a break down. I try to counteract this process by meditating and being nicer to myself. Im also learning that its ok to ask for help, and rely on others not to respond negatively to it. To conclude I think the 5 Rs model is a great bade model to cope with stress, however, I think the hard part is remembering to use it in stressful situations.

What Happened to Kmart

Case Study What Happened to Kmart? 1. Evaluate Kmart using the value cosmic string and competitive forces models. What was Kmarts care model and business organization strategy? Kmart has numerous problems with its value chain. This is evident from the suppliers sending items that the suppliers want to sell, shelves remaining unstocked, the hand shifting reordering carry out for popular items, products beingness allocated by central planners and not based on individual store demand, excess inventory stored in 15,000 truck-trailers behind its stores, shrinkage, and having to choose to all ship toothpaste or Christmas trees.Since its entrance as the first discount store in the 1960s, Kmart has not been able to ward off new entrants into the discount chain business. The new entrants, such as Wal-Mart and Target, have come on strong and surpassed Kmart. Kmarts suppliers seem to be calling the shots with the retailer, since they are promoting the items that they can sell and not p ortion Kmart address its mounting problems. Kmarts customers are voting with their pocketbooks and shopping at its competitors stores.Kmart uses a promotions-drive business model. The company uses advertising circulars to promote its blue-light specials. 2. What was the relationship of information systems to Kmarts business processes and business strategy? How well did its systems support its strategy? Kmarts information systems and its business processes and business strategy were not in alignment. As an example, the information systems could collect selective information, but the selective information were not available for analysis and decision-making purposes.As the case mentions, forecasting decisions were based on ways judgment, not on the data. Kmarts systems did not support its strategy. One of the problems mentioned in the case is that its bestow chain management system could not easily accommodate the sharp increases and decreases in demand. The distribution center ons outdated technology led to supplies sitting on pallets for 24 hours until they were recorded in the central trailing system. When reordering popular products, the employees would hand sift through previous purchasing receipts. . What management, organization, and technology factors contributed to Kmarts problems? From the case, it appears that Kmart management is inconsistent with its performance of the companys strategy. Management is unable to use data to forecast demand it has lost sight of its core competencies, and is unable to interpolate Kmarts image. Although management cherished to restructure its put out chain, it continued to expand its product offerings, as opposed to focusing on the fastest selling items. Mr.Conaways plan to restructure Kmart has obviously not worked out. Although Mr. Conaway wanted the local stores to make their own stocking decisions, the stocking decisions were still being made by the central planners. When the new system was installed, Mr. Buze k made the comment that the information would be useless because management just didnt believe in the system. Although the company uses a promotions-driven strategy, the company reduced its advertising circulars. As the case points out, no other alternative for achieving the strategy was provided.Although Kmart wanted to reinvent its supply chain, management was unwilling to unify the distribution systems two computers because the project was too expensive. From an organizational perspective, the suppliers, central planners, business processes, individual stores, warehouses, and distribution center have definite communication problems and are not sharing data as efficiently as possible. One could argue that precise little data sharing is going on. Central planners are making the stocking decisions for the individual stores, but what needs to be stocked at each store is not being effectively communicated.From a technology perspective, outdated technology and incompatible systems we re in place. The new i2 project did not succeed for a variety of reasons, including the need for more than hardware, the inability of the project to impute the point-of-sale systems and inventory systems to the distribution systems, and not being robust enough to handle a large number of SKUs. 4. How consequential was supply chain management in contributing to Kmarts problems? Evaluate Conaways decision to use i2 software to improve Kmarts supply chain management.Supply chain management was very important to Kmart. Kmart has been unable to successfully manage its inbound logistics, operations, sales and marketing, service, and outbound logistics. Unfortunately, the companys inability to effectively manage its supply chain led to ineffective advertising, tons of items being everyplacestocked, popular items being understocked, a large product offering, curt communication with suppliers and its business units, items sitting on pallets waiting to be entered into the central tracki ng system, and shipping problems.The goals for the i2 project were commendable, since the project was supposed to improve Kmarts sales forecasting, inventory sourcing, logistics, and reporting. The project was supposed to facilitate micromarketing, supplier product tracking, order execution, shipment scheduling, and economy tracking. It is interesting that Mr. Conaway chose i2 Technologies for the new supply chain management project, since i2 Technologies had only recent and limited experience in the retail sector. The decision to use i2 Technologies was not a good decision, since the system was not designed to work with the large number of SKUs, Kmart (according to some) wrote off and abandoned some of its i2 software, the project fell behind schedule, and the inability to connect the point-of-sale systems and inventory systems to the distribution systems. 5. Were those blaming software for the collapse of Kmart correct? Explain your answer. Actually, there is enough blame to go a round. 2 Technologies did a very poor job analyzing and designing the system for Kmart. It also appears that Kmarts management did not get behind the project and was also unwilling to transform its core business processes. 6. It has been tell that Wal-Mart uses their IT strategically, and they fully integrate it into their operating model. Does this statement apply to Kmart? Explain your response. This statement does not apply to Kmart.Kmart is using an outdated business model and has been unwilling to change its model. Its unwillingness to change is one of the reasons why Wal-Mart and Target have been able to successfully compete against Kmart and why Kmart is in bankruptcy. 7. List the problems Conaway faced when he took over Kmart, and then describe the short- and long-range policies you would have followed had you been in his place. When Mr. Conaway took over Kmart, he faced several problems, including stiff competition from Wal-Mart and Target.The company was using an outdate d business model, spending more money than the competition to get its goods into its stores, its information systems were collecting data but not using it effectively, it had significant problems with its entire value chain, it had a frumpy reputation, its shelves were often empty, it offered a wide range of products, it provided poor customer service, and it did not care about the competition. Students will provide a variety of short- and long-range policy recommendations.

Ways to Improve Academic Experience

Ways to Improve Academic Experience in KDI drill Reem salaah Academic Writing March 9,2010 Regular consummation is a critical part of staying healthy. People who are active live longer and feel better. touch modality better result make you more encouraged to study and achieve your goals. Also, it is a way to release stress that we are subject to in KDI . Thus, encompassing Physical Education as a hollow out course and expanding the gym is truly a way to improve academic experience in KDI.By encompassing physical education students will exercise and by expanding the gymnasium area more students will be able to go to the gym and exercise. ultimately resulting in an improved academic experience in KDI. function has positive effects on the brain. Exercise has been found to increase levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. This substance is archetype to improve mood, and it whitethorn play a role in the beneficial effects of exercise help brain cells survive longer so this may also explain some of the beneficial effects of exercise on dementia (Holmes, 2006).Demonstrating that by exercise not only on the long wander students will not be prone to dementia but also their mood is improved. Mood improvement will result in students working better, judgment better and enhancing their creativity . Encompassing physical education as a core course thus will truly improve the academic experience. KDI schooldays offers comprehensive and sozzled academic programs (School, 2007) . One way to reduce the tension and stress caused by these programs is physical exercise. Research has shown that physical exercise is the best tension reliever (ICBS, 1998).This illustrates that exercise can be a solution to release the tension which KDI students are subject to due to the rigorous academic programs. Also the rigorous programs in KDI require a lot of sitting in front of a computer or a desk all day. By exercising that make up energy and tension which have accumulated throughout the day can be released. It is a better way to channel your energy than allow it turn into anger or negativity. Strongly pointing out that incorporating physical education as one of the core courses will improve the academic experience.To encourage students to glide by exercising the gymnasium has to be expanded. Entering class each year is approximately 200 Korean students for the Masters Degree program and somewhat160international students (School, 2007). Illustrating they are 360 students at KDI. To ensure that most of them are encouraged to exercise by going to the gymnasium, the gymnasium area has to be expanded. In an interview conducted B. K Lee (personal communication, March 09, 2010) noted that the gymnasium area is approximately 10 meters and KDI campus area is approximately 10 kilometers.Having 360 students in KDI with a gymnasium that small will discourage students from going there. Since the campus is 10 kilometers in area there will be no problem in expa nding the gymnasium area. By doing so, more students will be encouraged to go to the gymnasium, exercise which will result in improving the academic experience in KDI. In conclusion, Exercise has positive effects on the brain. Release built up energy and tensions. Making us work in a better environment. Physical exercise has many benefits and should be a regular part of almost anyones life (Association, 2010).By making physical education as one of the core courses will no doubt improve academic experience in KDI and also the health of all the students. In addition expanding the gymnasium area will encourage students to go there often, exercise resulting in improved academic experience. References Holmes. (2006). Mental health. About. Com. Retrieved 09/03/2010, from http//mentalhealth. about. com/od/depression/a/howexercise. htm ICBS. (1998). Exercise. Stress Management. Retrieved from http//www. holisticonline. om/Stress/stress_exercise. htm KDI School. (2007) Mission and Purpose. K DI School of Public Policy and Management. Retrieved 09/03/2010, from http//www. kdischool. ac. kr/ KDI School. (2007) Questions of the Academic Programs. KDI School of Public Policy and Management. Retrieved 09/03/2010, from http//www. kdischool. ac. kr/ American Heart Association. (2009). Excersice is for everyone. Physical Activity and Excersice. 10/03/2010, from http//www. americanheart. org/presenter. jhtml? identifier=11081

Culture Stereotypes Essay

The world today is a mul? cultural society. A globaliza? on has brought a greater sort to communi? es. Although we live in post-modern world, there are s? ll believes, which can carry narrow-minded character concerning members of some na? on. Culture stereotype is the way of categorizing commonwealth in to the host and assuming that everyone who has the same culture, religion, values and race would act the same way. Stereotypes are generaliza? ons based primarily on membership in that group without excep? on.Culture stereotyping usually refers to nega? ve assump? ons because it is unjust to individuals who vary from others in the same group or culture. Whenever we talk about people from di&erent culture, we usually categorize people into a group of ac? ons and behaviors we assume that they would act in the same way. Stereotypes are rigid and xed. Some? mes when the stereotype develops into a rigid a(tude and when peoples mental picture based on wrong assump? ons, prejudice occur s.So now what can we do to resolve cultural con? ict? First of all, you have to be apprised of culture sensi? vi? es and diversi? es. Do not judge people from other cultures from their behaviors or appearances, because you do not know what lies beneath those behaviors. Moreover, you should try to be open and willing to accept others di&erences as much as possible when communica? ng with people form di&erent cultures. How to improve communica? on among di&erent cultures? Firstly, learn about other cultures.Learning about other cultures, only a basic level would make a big di&erence with you traveling to that country or have a conversa? on with others. You will have a sense what to do or should not do. Secondly, understand the poten? al problem that might occurs from cultural di&erences. Culture is an essen? al part of con? ict, so please bare in mind that your words or ac? on might found o&ensive in other cultures. Moreover, learn the nonverbal language utilise by other cultures to avoid cultural misunderstandings.Similar to rst point, learning about nonverbal language used by other cultures would help you to avoid cultural con? icts. Thirdly, recognize the di&erent percep? ons about ? me. Europeans and Americans seem to run and rush all the ? me, while in Asiatic culture, people take things slow. People wander they spend hours at a table talking about their family and friends. To sum up, its very important to batter stereotypes and prejudices about representa? ves of foreign na? on, because only this way we can succeed mutual understanding and peace.

Genetically Modified Essay

Genetic modification of organisms in a general is a biotechnological process that forces genes to behave concord to certain characteristics. Changing characteristics of organisms is based on changing their DNA. It is being used for modifying genes in plants, animals or micro-organisms. One of the places it is often used is with food, in order to alter the nutritious quality, less use of chemicals such as pesticides and adding flavor. Genetically modify food is considere4d one of the modern production improvements and the largest food experiments in the innovations history.Virtually every crop we eat has undergone hundreds of years of genetic modification by farmers and scientist in search of desirable traits. The Benefits of gene technology in foothold of food production are enormous. The most common genetically engineered foods suppress modifications that make the plants resistant to certain diseases and herbicides, or allow them to produce their own pesticides, thereby elimi nating or reducing the need to spray.Genetically modified foods are also being adapted to grown in salty, dry or frosty environments, contain edible vaccines, have a longer shelf life and be more nutritious. Even though there are several benefits to genetically modifying foods, concerns are raised regarding the negative effects caused by the modification. These concerns fall into 3 categories economics, environmental hazards and human health risks. Environmental damage from genetically modified foods can be caused through various channels, one of the main concerns is the possibility of gene transfer to a non-targeted species. By genetically altering crops they can be sprayed throughout the developing season, farmers are now spraying their fields three times a season. Naturally as the weeds grow more tolerant they pass by that trait to the next generation, creating what is commonly referred to as a super weed. Another huge concern is human impact from genetically modified foods. se veral(prenominal) dangers have been discovered by humans who implement these foods. People with allergies tend to see an increase in reactions once consuming genetically modified foods.Others general anatomy allergies from these foods consumption. As individuals ingest more of these foods their bodily toxicity levels increase, which leads to other potentially serious health problems. Genetically modified foods has negative effect of reproduction constitutions. in that location were studies conducted showing animals becoming completely sterile in a matter of weeks, after in gestation of these foods that had to be forced fed to them. The digestive system is where the body is exposed to harmful foods, it grows bigger and reversing the damaging effects is almost impossible.Once all of these harmful things occur within a humans body that is not designed to handle the outcome will eventually be death. There is a negative impact on biodiversity when the number of organism in the ecosys tem is reduced as well as their infractions. The cross areas of genetically identical crops will tip the balance of nature and wildlife, and disrupt surrounding ecosystems. monstrous plants up to miles away can be pollinated via wind-blown pollen. Some genetically modified plants may even be toxic to certain insects.Another concern is that genetically modified foods could impact the organic foods industry, this is why environmental agencies closely monitor their use. Although genetically modified foods and crops have huge benefits that may lead to solving world hunger due to the lesser production costs and increased crop yield, the dangers far outweigh them risks and hazards that are related to it may affect human health, the environment, and society. The advantages of biotechnology prominent now are only short term, consumers should be aware of what they are eating and the health risks they are taking when consuming genetically modified foods.Correct labeling of genetically modif ied foods should be mandatory in all countries, so that people have their right to decide for themselves whether or not to consume these foods. Strict government controls should be implemented to regulate the planting of these crops. The future well-being of society in the long run should be thought of sooner of simply satisfying the needs in the present, otherwise we will have bigger issues on top of the ones we have now.

Google’s Strategy in 2010 Essay

What is Googles business model?The answer is complex beca call it makes up of lots of different factors. The top 10 principles of Googles corporate philosophy is what keeps them doing what they do best. (Gamble, 2010, pg. C-175).1.Focus on the user and entirely else will follow.2.Its best to do one thing really, really soundly.3.Fast is better than slow.4.Democracy on the web works.5.You forefathert need to be at your desk to need an answer.6.You can make money without doing evil.7.Theres always more information out there.8.The need for information crosses all borders.9.You can be serious without a suit.10.Great just isnt good enough.Their mission statement is to organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful. (www.google.com). These 10 principles have helped them achieve their goal within their mission statement. Google has kept it simple but efficient. These 10 principles have guided them from the beginning and it has work. They dont need to fix so mething that is not broken. Examine the financial reports in the case to determine the companys arrive atability, liquidity, leverage and activity ratios. Based on these ratios what is your assessment of the companys performance? Justify your answer?Profitability ratios be measures of performance that indicate what the firm is earning on its sales or assets or equity. There are the operating profit margin, net profit margin, return on sum of money assets, return on equity, and basic earning power ratios. (Mayo, 2007).Operating profit margin = Earnings forwards interest and taxes/Sales8,381,189/23,650,563 = 35.4%Net profit margin = Earnings after interest and taxes/Sales6,520,448/23,650,563 = 27.5%Return on total assets = Earnings after interest and taxes/Total assets6,520,448/40,496,778 = 16.1%Return on equity = Earnings after interest and taxes/Equity6,520,448/36,004,224 = 18.1%Basic earning power = earnings before interest and taxes/Total assets8,381,189/40,496,778 = 20.6%Leve rage ratios measure the firms use of debt financing. There are two ratios debt/net price ratio and debt ratio. (Mayo, 2007).Debt/net worth ratio = Debt/Equity4,492,554/36,004,224 = 12.4%Debt ratio = Debt/Total assets4,492,554/40,496,778 = 11.0%Activity ratios measure how rapidly the firm is turning its assets into cash. The two activity ratios are inventory turnover and receivables turnover. Google does not have any inventory so there is no inventory turnover. (Mayo, 2007).Receivables turnover = Annual sales/Accounts receivable23,650,563/3,178,471 = 7.4%Liquidity ratios measure the ease of which assets whitethorn be converted into cash without loss. There are two liquidity ratios quick and current ratio. (Mayo, 2007).Quick ratio = real assets Inventory/Current liabilities29,166,958-0/2,747,467 = 10.6%Current ratio = Current assets/current liabilities29,166,958/2,747,467 = 10.6%Since Google does not have any inventory, the quick ratio and current ratio is the same. This shows that Google does have more assets than current liabilities. Overall, Google is doing extremely well all over the board. Their debt ratio is low sitting at 11 percent. They paid their bills on time because their receivables turnover is sitting at 7 percent. Investors populate that Google is a good company to buy stock into. Perform a SWOT analysis of Google.StrengthsNumber one search engine with established alludeSimple interface-user friendlyTheir interface has 88 different languages-Global usageLocalized search resultsInfrastructureWeaknessContextual ads targeted by click fraud butt jointt expand to offline productsOpportunitiesAcquisitions of other businessIncrease online advertisingAlliances/partnerships with other companiesLaunched their own operating systemGoogle TV ThreatsFacebookClick fraudYahoo, Microsoft, and Amazon slow down economyDescribe Googles value chain. What is the source of the companys competitive advantage?Since Google does not have any raw materials to process int o completed goods like a traditional company, their value chain is different. Ben Morrow (2009) their value chain is more nuanced. Google gathers all the web users it can (the raw material) by enticing them to use its stellar search product with highly relevant results delivered promptly. Then, through assorted signs (text advertisements) it directs these same web users in the form of job to its advertising partners who transform the traffic into conversions or sales on their sites (finished good). Their added value is that they know where to direct the users to their sites that they needed to go.The source of Googles competitive advantage is learning by doing as verbalize by Hal R. Varian, Googles chief economist (Lohr, 2008). Basically, they arelearning from their competitors. For example, with Microsoft antitrust problems, they are now making antitrust training is mandatory for Google managers (Lohr, 2008). Some of Googles competitive advantages are their value, rarity, imitab ility, and substitutability. Value because it is part of their value chain. Rarity because their user interface is so simple and user friendly. Also, it is hard for competitors to imitate because of the large infrastructure requirements to serve the relevant pages quickly. Google has servers all over the world all synced up and all running on a very large quantity of RAM, fast computer memory. (Morrow, 2009).ReferencesLohr, S. (July, 7, 2008). The in the altogether York Times. Google, Zen Master of the Market. Retrieved on April 11, 2012 from http//www.nytimes.com/2008/07/07/technology/07google.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1. Mayo, H. (2007). Basic Finance An Introduction to Financial Institutions, Investments & Management 9 Edition. Thomson United States. Morrow, B. (Feb. 22. 2009). Internal Analysis of Google Inc. Retrieved on April 11, 2012 from http//www.benmorrow.info/research/internal-analysis-of-google-inc/. Thomson A., Peteraf, M., Gamble, J., & Strickland, A.J. ( 2012). Crafting & Executing Strategy. McGraw-Hill.

Capital budget

accessIn a recession, irrespective of where they work in your organisation, and apprehension of financial constructs to assist you make your bloodline better and lend to the community s attempts to remain in concern and go on to proceeds the net incomes. And the concentration of companies are now more than of all time, the Numberss of those who are seeking to remain afloat, and you feces go financially faster read and write and bring about down to lend to the negotiations on the fundament line, the faster leave behind be able to assist the squad.Support is the scientific discipline of money direction. Areas of domain finance, corpo put finance and personal finance ( financing from the private sector ) , and overt finance. This includes funding and relieve money and frequently include borrowing money. The field of fiscal minutess with the constructs of clip and money, hazard, and how they were connected. It in any event looks at how to sack up the money and the budget.One of the facets of support through persons and concerns, that money is deposited in the bank. Then the bank lends money to new(prenominal) persons or companies for the intent of ingestion or investing and involvement woos on loans.Loans have give way progressively packaged for resale, which means that the investor purchases the loan ( debt ) from a bank or straight from the caller-up. Chemical bonds and debt instruments sell to investors for organisations such as authoritiess, companies or charities. The investor can so press on the debt and cod involvement or sell the debt on the secondary market. The chief Bankss and operators for funding through the proviso of credit, although private equity, investing financess, conf practice financess, and another(prenominal) organisations are the importance of puting in assorted signifiers of faith. Managed fiscal assets, known as investings, with a central point on fiscal hazard direction to command fiscal hazards. Fiscal instruments ar e traded that allows about signifiers of asset-backed securities in the securities markets, and stock exchanges, including debt such as bonds and portions in listed companies.Cardinal Bankss, such as Bankss, Federal earmark System of the United States and the Bank of England in the United Kingdom, are strong participants in the field of public fundss, the loaner of last resort, every bit good as the strong influence of pecuniary and recognition conditions in the economic system.Capital budgetAnd crownwork outgo is passing money for the projection which is evaluate to bring frontwards hard money flow for a flowing transcending one twelvemonth. Examples of lying-ins include investings in belongings, works and equipment, research and development, and big advertisement runs, or any other undertaking requires capital outgo and generates a waterway of future hard money flows.Because the capital outgos could be rather big and have a meaning(a) impact on the fiscal public gen erateation of the society, given great importance to the choice of undertakings. This individual- taxd function is called capital budgeting.Standards for capital budgeting determinationsPotentially, a broad scope of standards for the choice of undertakings. Some stock check up oners may be the confederation to place undertakings that demonstrate extremums immediate hard money flow, and others may desire to stress the long-run development with small importance on public beation in the short term. Viewed in this manner, it would be authentically hard to run into the diverse involvements of all stockholders. Fortunately, in that respect is a solution.The company s end is to tap current stockholder evaluate. This end requires that the undertakings should be under puzzlen that lead to positive net nowa solar days value, ie the salute value of expected hard currency flows, and net beat value of capital disbursement required. using the net at present value ( NPV ) as a step o f the capital budget involves placing undertakings that increase the value of the company, because they have a positive net nowadays value. The timing and rate of growing of hard currency flows from the of import merely to the extent of their impact on the net present value.Using the net present value as the criterion by which to place undertakings pre pumped efficiency of capital markets so that the company has assenting to all that is required capital undertakings to follow up positive net nowadays value. In instances where this is non the instance, thither may be capital rationing and capital budgeting procedure becomes more complicated.Note that it is the duty of the company to make up ones mind whether to delight a accredited group of stockholders who prefer more or little long-run consequences. Once the company had chosen these undertakings to maximise the net nowadays value, and it is up to single stockholders to utilize capital markets to borrow or impart in order to trav el the exact day of the month of the hard currency flows of the forward or backward. This basic thought in chief agent relationship exists between stockholders and directors. Despite all the picks may be single, and the common end is to maximise the present value of the company.Alternate regulations for the capital budgetWhile the net present value is the regulation that maximizes value for stockholders, ever, and some companies use other standards to make up ones mind on the capital budget, such asinner rate of blow over on ego )Profitability indicantPayback blockBack to Book ValueIn some instances, investing determinations originating from the internal rate of return and profitableness index modes agree with those of the net present value. Decisions taken by the recuperation extent and return on bear value methods are normally non optimum from the point of view of the value of portions to the maximal extent.Pay periodWhat is the sizeHow long does it take to retrieve the fin ancess invested in the undertaking.Why is it of importOn a incidental line method, recovery period is the easiest manner to find the potency of investing in a big undertaking. The direction expressed in a timely mode, and will take several months or old ages to retrieve the initial cost of the undertaking hard currency consideration is ever critical, peculiarly for directors to measure undertakings at one clip.This appraisal becomes even more of import if you include the consideration of what the present value of grosss in the here by and by will be. How does it work in patternAmortization period is the right expression is as followsPayback period = cost of the undertaking s yearly hard currency grosss & A divide Therefore, if a undertaking costs $ 100,000 and would bring forth $ 28,000 per twelvemonth, the payback period is100000 & A divide 28000 = 3.57 old agesIf the expected grosss generated by the undertaking to change from twelvemonth to twelvemonth, every bit good as the j utting income for apiece twelvemonth up to an extra nucleus cost of the undertaking.For illustration, say that the expected grosss generated by the undertaking is $ 100,000YearGrossEntire1$ 19,000$ 19,0002$ 25,000$ 44,0003$ 30,000$ 74,0004$ 30,000$ 104,0005$ 30,000$ 134,000Therefore, the undertaking will be to the full paid for in 4 old ages, because in that twelvemonth that the total income reaches the initial cost of $ 100,000.Complicated the image when you enter the clip value of money rule in the computations. Some experts insist this is necessary to find the recovery period more accurately. Consequently, should be used in the present value tabular arraies, or the computing machine ( now the norm ) , and should be discounted one-year income in the rate of involvement applied, and 10 % in this illustration. In this manner, give consequences significantly differentYearGrossPresent valueEntire1$ 19,000$ 17,271$ 17,2712$ 25,000$ 20,650$ 37,9213$ 30,000$ 22,530$ 60,4514$ 30,000$ 2 0,490$ 80,9415$ 30,000$ 18,630$ 99,571This method indicates that the recovery will non happen until after five old ages.Tricks of the tradeObviously, a major defect of the consecutive line recovery period is that it ignores the rule of clip value of money, which, in bend, can ensue in unrealistic outlooks.The 2nd drawback is that it ignores the benefits produced after a period of ingestion and, accordingly, a undertaking which has a million U.S. dollars will come back after, say, six old ages and can be classified as less of a undertaking with the recovery of terce old ages which returns merely 100 thousand dollars at a ulterior clip.Another option to cipher the amortisation period is the position of internal rate of return.In most of the experiments and undertakings with shorter recovery times superior to those with more of the net incomes, even if that promise higher returns. Can be touched by factors such as the refund periods of market alterations, alterations in involvement r ates, and economic transmutations. Cash dividend shorter besides enable companies to retrieve the initial investing and set to work elsewhere.In general, the recovery period for a period of 3 old ages or less desirable, if the period of recovery of the undertaking is less than a twelvemonth, and some believe that it should be considered to be indispensable.Internal rate of returnInternal rate of return ( IRR ) is a joint rating system of measurement used by fiscal analysts to cipher and measure the fiscal attraction / feasibleness undertakings or capital-intensive investings.The internal rate of return is normally easier to understand the consequence of the discounted hard currency flow analysis ( lucre Explorer, the net present value or net present value ) for directors of non-financial, is frequently used to phrase and warrant investing determinations Although the modeller good fiscal know that the internal rate of return is after all an estimated, particularly when cipher i n Excel, and should be used in combination with other fiscal parametric quantities such as net present value and rating multiples compared to when the issue of supplying example or investing.What precisely is the internal rate of return? The internal rate of return is the involvement rate that makes net present value of all hard currency flows equal to zero. In footings of fiscal analysis, and could be called the internal rate of return price reduction rate at which the current value of a series of investing peers the present value of investings.All undertakings or investings with an internal rate of return that is calculated in the procedure of fiscal mold to be superior to the leaden mean cost of capital should be ( or WACC ) is a financially feasible and technically acceptable.When taking between undertakings or investings where the benefits or services are wholly independent of each other in the modeller good fiscal should be considered in the undertaking or investing, harmoniz ing to the highest internal rate of return is calculated to be financially attractive, every bit long as we continue to maintain in head that it is non must be of the value of internal rate of return greater than WACC.Net nowadays valueI plan to compose the net present value of a small After discoursing how to cipher the discounted hard currency flows and net nowadays value to cipher the value of this site. Not since I wrote about the fiscal at the minute, I thought that there may be a good alteration of gait.When we calculate the discounted hard currency flows, in substance what we are seeking to make is cipher the value of all future hard currency flows at a certain clip, frequently more at this clip. As mentioned above, in order to make this, you assume to cognize or expected future hard currency flows in each period, as happened in the head price reduction rate that reflects the earnestness of this undertaking or the events that led to hard currency flow.One manner to find if the undertaking is approved or non is to look at the net nowadays value ( NPV ) . High-level discounted hard currency flow cyberspace present value are rightfully similar. Based on net present value to compare the present value of hard currency flows to hard currency flows, and cipher every individual can go complex depending on how the company is ( or borrowing unleveraged ) , to do a determination on what to include or except, and can interact with the revenue enhancement to acquire the wordss. Therefore, to simplify this treatment on the internal rate of return, and I use the experiences in the fiscal histories net present value of the grounds.PRESENT VALUEPresent value refers to today s value of a future sum.Present Value reflectionS P = ( 1+rt )Alternatively of get downing with the principal which is invested, you could get down from what you want to roll up in the hereafter, and so work rearward to see the sum that you must put to make the needed sum.CALCULATING PRESEN T VALUEFor illustration, if you wish to retire within a certain figure of old ages you can get down working in contrary to find what sum must be invested today to roll up the coveted sum at the clip of your privacy in the hereafter.ExampleAssume you need $ 20,000 in three old ages for a down payment on a house. If the simple involvement rate is 5 % , how much would you hold to put today to roll up the $ 20,000 in three old ages?In this illustrationS= $ 20,000 ( sum of adulthood value )T = 3 old agesR = 0.05The computation for chief isSecondP = ( 1+rt )$ 20,000P = 1 + ( 0.05 ) 3 $ 20,000P = 1.15P = $ 17,391.30Therefore, if you invest $ 17,391.30 today at 5 % simple involvement, you will hold $ 20,000 in three old ages.Let s look into it outnterest per twelvemonth = $ 17,391.30 x 0.05 = $ 869.57Interest for three old ages = $ 869.57 x 3 = $ 2,608.70Therefore, the sum available for down payment at the terminal of three old ages is $ 17.391.30 + $ 2,608.70 = $ 20,000Al ternatively of 5 % simple involvement, see 5 % compound involvement collectible biyearlyFormula to be usedP = S ( 1+i ) -nS = 20,000I = 0.05 / 2 = 0.025n = 2 x 3 = 6P = $ 20,000 ( 1+0.025 ) -6= $ 20,000 ( 1.025 ) -6= $ 20,000 x 1 ( 1.025 ) 6= $ 20,000 / 1.16= $ 17,241.38Let s look into it out utilizing the compound involvement expressionS = P ( 1 + I ) n= $ 17,241.38 ( 1 + 0.025 ) 6= $ 17,241.38 ( 1.025 ) 6= $ 17,241.38 x 1.16= $ 20,000

Oedipus the King Essay

One of the most important literary devices use by Sophocles in his merriment Oedipus the nance is what is known to modern critics as the Hellenic Chorus. The emit was an important part of Hellenic tragedy, not unaccompanied in the plays of Sophocles, but in the work of many other playwrights as well. Sophocles, in addition to incorporating well-known(a) myths and historical motifs into his play, used the let out as an additional method by which to ensure the auditions understanding of the performance on the stage.He also used the chorus to help the audience to quality a sense of a participation in the action of the play and to direct their sense of the patch and to focus the audiences sympathy on appropriate characters. The use of the chorus in Greek tragedy was, as mentioned, a common literary device, but Sophocles is well known for being a creative adapter of conventions and in his hands, the chorus functions in myriad capacities, some obvious and some subtle.In order to appreciate the importance of the chorus in a play like Oedipus the King, it is crucial to low have an understanding of how the chorus traditionally functioned in Greek tragedy. Physically, the chorus was made up of an unknown group of fifteen (Taplin 12) who, in addition to functioning as characters within the play, proper, also participated in the orchestra, providing tuneful accompaniment on the aulos, a double pipe with reeds the aulos-player stood in the orchestra, also in tragic vestments (Taplin 12).The chorus also chanted, snag, and danced the choral odes which divide the acts of tragedy (Taplin 12) while occasionally singing or cantillate in lyric conference with the actors (Taplin 12) . In addition to these roles, the traditional chorus also featured a leader the koryphaios, probably distinguished slightly by costume (Taplin 12) who might also contribute dialogue to the play. Furthermore, the chorus held a connotation for Greek audiences which is all but unkn owable to modern observers and this connotation relates to the carriage of chorale bodies of chorus-like arrangements in everyday Greek society.Even the rudimentary aspects of the chorus in its theatrical shape singing and dancing, held for the Greeks, a very different social and cultural resonance than for moderns. In Greek life, a chorus was an integral part of many communal occasions, religious and secularfestivals, weddings, funerals, victory celebrations, (Taplin 13) and the chorus also helped to lend a sense of ritual and ceremony to all festive occasions in Greek life (Taplin 13).As such, the chorus as a literary device held for the Greeks in relation to area a prominent and important place in the performance as a whole (Taplin 13). The distinction between ancient and modern observers is a very important distinction to make when discussing the Greek chorus as a literary device. Quite simply, for the modern observer, the best understanding of the function of the chorus may well be that the modern observer should regard the chorus as a kind of brace between the mythical action of the play and the audience who observes this action.In fact some critics assert that this tie role was also intended by Greek playwrights who used the chorus and specifically intended to be used this way by Sophocles in Oedipus the King. For these critics, the chorus represents an ideal spectator that directs our thought and attention (Hogan 44) and this is an lettered function of the chorus as a literary device as adopted by Sophocles. Obviously, in its function as a bridge between the audience and the action on the stage, the chorus in Oedipus the King plays a pivotal, rather than decorative role.For example, in relating a sense of irony to the audience, the chorus is used by Sophocles specifically On three occasions (Hogan 21) to provide a focal point of wry realization on the audiences behalf. Therefore, when Oedipus defends his innocence both he and the chorus o f Athenians remain deep sensitive to the pollution that still clings (Hogan 21) while, similarly, when Oedipus rationalizes the murder (Hogan 21) he invokes the sense of the chorus-as-court-of-law.The irony, of course, being that both the chorus and the audience are sympathetic to the plight of Oedipus just as it is hoped on Oedius behalf that A court of law would be sympathetic (Hogan 21). Another example is when Oedipus speaks to the chorus and says I pray god that the unseen killer, whoever he is, and whether he killed alone or had help, be cursed with a life as evil as he is, a life of utter human deprivation. (Sophocles 28, 297-300).Here, the coryphaeus, or leader of the chorus, also speaks lines which, ironically, indicate that he is view of the killer, who is much nearer for questioning than he knows (Hogan 36). Each of these uses of the chorus by Sophocles heightens the sense of irony in the play while simultaneously promoting a sense of audience involvement and, obviousl y, forwarding the plot of the tragedy. The chorus is exceptionally important as a device in helping to direct the action of the play to and through the climax. The verbal interplay between Oedipus and the chorus increases near the end of the play.By inspecting Oedipus row (and to the Chorus) during the nett part of the play, we will learn what beliefs and allegiances have survived (Sophocles 14) and what little glimmer of redemption can be verbalize to exist in the plays tragic climax and aftermath can be gleaned from the words of the chorus, which close the play. Although Oedipus closing speeches are filled with pain and lamentation, the human world remains to him as he hears the voice of the Chorus. Clarity and poise return as he tells the Chorus it was Apollo who destroyed his life, but that it was he and no one else who chose to strike out his own eyes (Sophocles 14).The chorus,then, emerges as the target Oedipuss vindication and the implied target of the moral of his story. The audience, of course, is the chorus and vice-versa, so that the closing lines of the play Dont call a man gods friend until he has come through life and crossed everyplace into death never having been gods victim (Sophocles 67, 1765-1766) emerge as the cathartic lesson distilled from the mythic action of the story, by way of the chorus, to enrich the audiences understanding.Works Cited Hogan, James C. A Commentary on the Plays of Sophocles. Carbondale, IL Southern Illinois University Press, 1991. Sophocles. Oedipus the King. Trans. Robert Bagg. Amherst, MA University of Massachusetts Press, 1982. Taplin, Oliver. Greek Tragedy in Action. London Routledge, 2003.

Ch. 23 Kite Runner

Chapter 23 The archives starts very fragmented and split as Amir Flits in and out of consciousness. This is reflected presented by the continued use of short sentences and paragraphs, the broken narrative could also show Amirs detachment from reality. Within the chapter we are also presented with moons as a form of narrative. A prominent dream is the dream of the save and Baba, this could represent Amir finally conquest his guilt, the bear, and however the dream ends without Amir killing the bear which could show he is fully redeemed yet.This piece comes later when Amir runs the kite for Sohrab. The dream could also symbolise many other things Baba could be the bear as earlier in the novel Amir comments I could never tell the difference, the dream could represent how he has finally proved to Baba he is a man or the bear could stick represented for Assef who is the real monster in the now. Earlier in the novel When Baba died, Amir called his cancer the indorse he could not def eat. This shows how the dream is symbolic on so many different things. The kindred mingled with Sohrab and Amir Remains strained I asked Sohrab if he wanted to play. I didnt expect him to answer, permit alone play. They play panjapar in silence for hours and Amir relates many of Sohrabs characteristics to Hassan such as his ability with a slingshot and his skill at card games. The chapter is also a very steamy one for Amir he breaks down when Farid says For you a thousand times over this is closely conjugated to Amirs memories of Hassan and this formulate is repeated passim and Repetition is a device used throughout the novel, to create emphasis.It is first spoken by Hassan to Amir, at the beginning of the novel. From then on, the reader associates this quote with the relationship that Hassan and Amir have. Then at the ending in a letter Hassan has wrote to Amir. The fact that Hassan can soundless say this to Amir after all Amir has done to him, show that he followed throug h with his words, which makes this phrase very meaningful. This lexis used, such as. A thousand is purposely used by the author to emphasize Hassans limitless loyalty to Hassan. Rahim Khans letter provides some answers to the questions that Amir may have had about his and Babas behavior. The contrast of how Baba dealt with the guilt, by giving to charities etc contrasts of how Amir dealt with his guilt. He then later dreams he is Assefs duplicate maybe showing he still hasnt reached peace with

One scene one and two of the play? Essay

Another place where Shakespeare has provided the ability to metamorphose mood, is during 12 Anne And thou unfit for anyplace but hell Richard Yes, one place else, if you let me name it. Anne Some dungeon. Richard Your bed-chamber (lines 109 112 inclusive) Shakespeare is creating a new mood on the stage by the essence order. He has written it in such a way that the audience can become intrigued by what has happened, and feel characters emotions themselves. He manages to warp mood on stage with just a single curse if need be.For example, during lines 1 ii 109 112 Shakespeare has changed the mood from arguing, distraught and anger to a small period of humour. in like manner in giving him different roles, Richard can succeed in his plans, and manipulate Anne. Richard put to works with Annes emotions and can be persuasive by flattering her greatly. He is also manipulative to Clarence Tis not the queen that sends you to the tower My madam Grey his wife, Clarence tis she (lin es 63 + 64) Richard is turning Clarence against the queen. He wants to be the break down person Clarence suspects of sending him to tower.Shakespeare has written a lot of parts in the play incredibly skilfully and used a personal flare of writing (Similar techniques are used throughout his plays, and are notable here. They were especially unique to him). Richard has one last account book with Clarence, and promises to get him released. Act One scene two opens with Lady Anne standing next to top executive atomic number 1 VIs coffin, who was her father in law, but was murdered by Richard before the play started. Anne speaks a long soliloquy of similar length to that of Richards at the beginning of the play maculation weeping.Cursed be the hands that caused these fatal holes Cursed the heart that had the heart to do it Cursed the filiation that let this blood from hence (line 14 16 inclusive) Anne is distraught with what has happened and screams upon the murderer. When she cur ses the blood, she is referring to Richards family as a whole, and the light of the curses, are for Richard himself. It is a very important part in the soliloquy and adds mood to the speech. Shakespeare also uses repetition and imagery to great effect. The audience can really feel strong emotions spoken by characters.Anne says the intelligence operation wounds many measures referring to the gashes in King atomic number 1s body. At one point Anne uses the word windows instead of wounds. This is a simile where she is saying that she is looking into the gashes. She feels that by looking through what are the windows of King Henry, she is looking into the truth behind his murder. Richard enters the scene, and Anne compares him to the d immoral. Shakespeare shows Richard as a strong, confident, brave man at this point. He is not affected by those he has hurt. O, gentlemen, see, see Dead Henrys woundsOpen their congealed mouths and bunk afresh Blush, blush, thou lump of defect, For tis thy presence that exhales this blood (line 65 68 inclusive) Shakespeare creates another play on words, where Richard questions Annes foul mouth and she replies exclaiming that he is a villain. Richard introduces compliments, comparing Anne to an angel and she responds consistently with insults. Richard tells Anne to compact up his sword and to kill him for his crimes, but she cannot kill him. He says to her Take up the sword again, or take up me. (line 184)Despite her prejudice against him, Anne is slowly won over by his pleas and agrees to marry him. Richards supreme skill in the art of insincere flattery has won him Anne. When she leaves the stage, Richard feels triumphent about his success in case her, but reveals that he will soon be rid of her. In this soliloquy, he reflects spikelet on his evil actions as well as how well everything is going. Shakespeare has revealed to the audience that he can be incredibly persuasive and manipulative that he has succeeded in his tas k, and is becoming very evil.Shakespeares plays were of course not intended to be historicly accurate but were designed for entertainment and maximum dramatic affect. In Richard III Shakespeare alters, and adds to the audiences perception and opinion of Richard using verbiage and by changing historical facts. Richard III has always been one of his most popular plays and, since its earliest performances, great actors drop leaped at the fortuity to play the scheming murderous tyrant. Throughout the play, Richard and many others, call attention to what he himself terms his deformity.In Shakespearean times, people believed that being ugly was a reflection of a sinful evil nature, or perhaps a punishment for past wrong doings. Richard III didnt actually have a hunchback or withered arm. But this is not the only historical reference that has been changed. Shakespeare compresses time to suit the plays performance. To achieve dramatic intensity he made all kinds of alterations and additi ons. For example, Henry VIs funeral actually occurred seven years before Clarences imprisonment and Shakespeare invented Richards wooing of Anne. Condensing time, and changing details helps the play to flow.It provides a smoother front to the story, and also allows Shakespeare to save as he pleases. Language was another key ingredient which Shakespeare used to give Richard different personas at different times in the play. Most commonly during 1i and 1ii, Richard could appear to be two different types of people, the villain, or the hero. He uses many metaphors and similes in his plays as they are often sharp comparisons or a good way of revealing characters emotions and events. Word play, and special uses of language including dramatic irony, and dramatic intensity were used.Using cleverly laid out language Shakespeare could easily alter moods and opinions of characters in the play. In this way, Shakespeare has successfully shaped the audiences perception of Richard which also alt ers their perceptions of the play itself. Henry Hayhurst-France Coursework Essay Richard III 10B Draft Version Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Richard III section.

Lamb: The Gospel According to Biff, Christ’s Childhood Pal Chapter 12

Chapter 12Well, by pretending to nourish an overactive bladder, Ive managed to sneak enough time in the bathroom to finish reading this Gospel of Matthew. I dont kat erst who the Matthew is that wrote this, nevertheless it certainly wasnt our Matthew. While our Matthew was a whiz at numbers (as you might attend from a tax collector), he couldnt write his own name in the sand without making terce mistakes. Whoever wrote this Gospel obviously got the information at least secondhand, maybe thirdhand. Im non here to criticize, but please, he never mentions me. non once. I keep up a go at it my protests go once against the humility that Joshua taught, but please, I was his scoop up friend. Not to mention the fact that this Matthew (if that re completely toldy is his name) takes great c ar in describing Joshuas genealogy back to King David, but after Joshua is born and the three wise men show up at the stable in Bethlehem, and so you dont hear from Joshua again until hes thir ty. Thirty As if nonhing evanesceed from the manger until John baptized us. Jeez.Anyway, now I go through why I was brought back from the dead to write this Gospel. If the rest of this New volition is anything like the book of Matthew, they want both(prenominal)one to write active Joshuas life who was actu solelyy there me.I cant believe I wasnt even mentioned once. Its all I can do to keep from asking Raziel what in the hell happened. He probably showed up a hundred years too late to represent this Matthew fellow. Oh my, theres a frightening thought, edited by the moron angel. I cant let that happen.And the ending? Where did he pop pip that?Ill see what this next guy, this Mark, has to say, but Im not getting my hopes up.The first thing that we noticed to the highest degree Balthasars safeguard was that there were no right angles, no angles period, only curves. As we followed the magus through corridors, and from aim to level, we never precept so much as a squared-off stair step, instead there were spiral ramps leading from level to level, and although the fortress spread all over the cliff face, no room was more than one room access away from a wriggleow. Once we were above the ground level, there was endlessly light from the windows and the creepy tonus wed had when we entered quickly passed away. The stone of the walls was more yellow in color than the limestone of Jerusalem, yet it had the same smooth appearance. general it gave the impression that you were walking through the polished entrails of just about huge living creature.Did you build this place, Balthasar? I asked.Oh, no, he state, without turning around. This place was always here, I evidently had to re take to the woods the stone that occupied it.Oh, I utter, having gained no knowledge whatsoever.We passed no accesss, but myriad open archways and round portals which opened into chambers of divers(a) shapes and sizes. As we passed one egg-shaped doorway obscured by a cur tain of beads Balthasar mumbled, The girls stay in there.Girls? I state.Girls? Joshua said.Yes, girls, you ninnies, Balthasar said. Humans much like yourselves, except smarter and better smelling.Well, I knew that. I mean, wed seen the devil of them, hadnt we? I knew what girls were.He pressed on until we came to the only opposite door I had seen since we entered, this one an new(prenominal) huge, brassbound monster held closed with three iron bolts as big around as my arm and a heavy brass lock engraved with strange characters. The magus stopped and tilted an ear to the door. His heavy golden earring clinked against one of the bolts. He turned to us and whispered, and for the first time I could clearly see that the magus was very old, despite the strength of his laugh and the spring in his step. You may go anywhere you wish sequence you stay here, but you must never open this door. Xiong zai.Xiong zai, I repeated to Joshua in case hed bemused it.Xiong zai. He nodded with tot al lack of understanding.Mankind, I suppose, is designed to run on to be motivated by temptation. If make is a virtue then this is our greatest gift. (For what is curiosity if not intellectual temptation? And what progress is there without curiosity?) On the other hand, can you call such a profound flunk a gift, or is it a design flaw? Is temptation itself at fault for mans woes, or is it simply the lack of judgment in response to temptation? In other words, who is to blame? Mankind, or a bad designer? Because I cant help but think that if God had never told Adam and eventide to avoid the fruit of the tree of knowledge, that the human race would still be runnel around naked, leap in wonderment and bliss waxy naming stuff between snacks, naps, and shags. By the same token, if Balthasar had passed that great ironclad door that first day without a word of warning, I might necessitate never prone it a second glance, and once again, much trouble could have been avoided. Am I to blame for what happened, or is it the author of temptation, God Hisownself?Balthasar led us into a grand chamber with silks festooned from the ceiling and the point cover with fine carpets and pillows. Wine, fruit, cheese, and bread were laid out on several low tables.Rest and refresh, said Balthasar. Ill be back after I finish my business with Ahmad. Then he hurried off, leaving us alone.So, I said, find out what you need to from this guy, then we can get on the road and on to the next wise man.Im not sure its expiration to be that quick. In fact, we may be here quite some time. Maybe years.Years? Joshua, were in the middle of nowhere, we cant spend years here.Biff, we grew up in the middle of nowhere. Whats the difference?Girls, I said.What about them? Joshua asked.Dont start.We heard laughter rolling atomic reactor the corridor into the room and dead it was followed by Balthasar and Ahmad, who threw themselves down among the pillows and began eating the cheeses and fruits tha t had been set out.So, Balthasar said, Ahmad tells me that you tried to save a bandit, and in the process blind one of his men, without so much as touching him. Very impressive.Joshua hung his head. It was a massacre.Grieve, Balthasar said, but consider as easily the words of the master Lao-tzu Weapons are instruments of misfortune. Those who are violent do not die naturally.Ahmad, Joshua said, what will happen to the guard, the one IHe is no good to me anymore, said Ahmad. A shame too, he was the best bowman of the lot. Ill leave him in Kabul. Hes asked me to give his pay to his wife in Antioch and his other wife in Dunhuang. I suppose he will be beat a beggar.Who is Lao-tzu? I asked.You will have galvanic pile of time to learn of master Lao-tzu, said Balthasar. Tomorrow I will assign you a motorcoach to inculcate you qi, the path of the Dragons Breath, but for now, eat and rest.Can you believe a Chinaman can be so blue? laughed Ahmad. Have you ever seen such a thing?I wore t he leopard skin of the shaman when your father was retributory a twinkle in the great river of stars, Ahmad. I mastered animal witching(prenominal) sooner you were old enough to walk, and I had learned all the secrets of the sacred Egyptian semblance texts before you could sprout a beard. If immortality is to be found among the wisdom of the Chinese masters, then I shall be Chinese as long as it suits me, no matter the color of my skin or the place of my birth.I tried to determine Balthasars age. From what he was claiming he would have to be very old indeed, as Ahmad was not young himself, yet his movements were spry and as far as I could see he had all of his teeth and they were perfect. There was none of the feeble dotage that Id seen in our elders at home.How do you stay so strong, Balthasar? I asked.Magic. He grinned.There is no magic but that of the Lord, Joshua said.Balthasar scratched his chin and replied quietly, Then presumably none without his consent, eh, Joshua?Joshu a slouched and stared at the floor.Ahmad burst out laughing. His magic isnt so mysterious, boys. Balthasar has eight young concubines to draw the poisons from his old dead trunk, thats how he stays young.Holy moly Eight? I was astounded. Aroused. Envious.Does that room with the ironclad door have something to do with your magic? Joshua asked gravely.Balthasar stopped grinning. Ahmad sapidityed from Joshua to the magus and back, bewildered.Let me show you to your quarters, said Balthasar. You should wash and rest. Lessons tomorrow. Say good-bye to Ahmad, youll not see him again soon.Our quarters were spacious, bigger than the houses wed grown up in, with carpets on the floor, professorships make of dark exotic hardwoods carved into the shapes of dragons and lions, and a table that held a pitcher and basin for washing. Each of our rooms held a desk and cabinet intact of instruments for photo and writing, and something neither of us had ever seen, a hump. A half-wall divided the space between Joshuas room and mine, so we were able to lie in the beds and talk before falling asleep, just as we had in the desert. I could tell that Joshua was deeply troubled about something that first night.You seem, I dont know, deeply troubled, Josh.Its the bandits. Could I have raised them?All of them? I dont know, could you?I thought about it. I thought that I could make them all walk and breathe again. I thought I could make them live. scarcely I didnt even try.why?Because I was afraid they would have killed us and robbed us if I had. Its what Balthasar said, Those who are violent do not die naturally.The Torah says, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. They were bandits.But were they bandits always? Would they have been bandits in the years to come?Sure, once a bandit, always a bandit. They take an oath or something. Besides, you didnt kill them.But I didnt save them, and I blinded that bowman. That wasnt right.You were angry.Thats no excuse.What do you mean, thats n o excuse? Youre Gods Son. God wiped out everyone on earth with a flood because he was angry.Im not sure thats right.Scuse me?We have to go to Kabul. I need to restore that mans sight if I can.Joshua, this bed is the most comfortable place Ive ever been. Can we face to go to Kabul?I suppose.Joshua was quiet for a long time and I thought that he might have fallen asleep. I didnt want to sleep, but I didnt want to talk about dead bandits either.Hey Josh?What?What do you think is in that room with the iron door, what did he call it?Xiong zai, said Josh.Yeah, Xiong zai. What do you think that is?I dont know, Biff. Maybe you should ask your tutor.Xiong zai means house of doom, in the parlance of feng shui, said Tiny Feet of the Divine Dance of exuberateous Orgasm. She knelt before a low stone table that held an earthenware teapot and cups. She wore a red silk robe trimmed with golden dragons and tied with a black sash. Her hair was black and square and so long that she had tied it in a knot to keep it from dragging on the floor as she served the tea. Her face was heart-shaped, her skin as smooth as polished alabaster, and if shed ever been in the sun, the take the stand had long since faded. She wore wooden sandals held fast by silk ribbons and her feet, as you might guess from her name, were tiny. It had taken me three old age of lessons to get the courage up to ask her about the room.She poured the tea daintily, but without ceremony, as she had each of the precedent three days before my lessons. But this time, before she handed it to me, she added to my cup a drop of a potion from a tiny porcelain store that hung from a chain around her neck.Whats in the bottle, Joy? I called her Joy. Her full name was too ungainly for conversation, and when Id tried other diminutives (Tiny Feet, Divine Dance, and Orgasm), she hadnt responded positively.Poison, Joy said with a grinning. The lips of her smile were shy and girlish, but the eyes smiled a thousand years sly.Ah, I said, and I tasted the tea. It was rich and fragrant, just as it had been before, but this time there was a hint of bitterness.Biff, can you guess what your lesson is today? Joy asked.I thought you would tell me whats in that house of doom room.No, that is not the lesson today. Balthasar does not wish you to know what is in that room. Guess again.My fingers and toes had begun to tingle and I suddenly realized that my scalp had gone numb. Youre going to teach me how to make the fire-powder that Balthasar used the day we arrived?No, silly. Joys laugh had the musical sound of a clear stream running over rocks. She pushed me lightly on the chest and I fell over backward, unable to move. Todays lesson is are you stimulate?I grunted. It was all I could do. My mouth was paralyze.Todays lesson is, if someone attributes poison in your tea, dont drink it.Uh-huh, I build of slurred.So, Balthasar said, I see that Tiny Feet of the Divine Dance of Joyous Orgasm has revealed what she keeps in the tiny bottle around her neck. The magus laughed heartily and leaned back on some cushions.Is he dead? asked Joshua.The girls laid my paralyzed body on some pillows next to Joshua, then propped me up so I could feeling at Balthasar. attractive Gate of celestial Moisture Number Six, who I had only just met and didnt have a last name for yet, put some drops on my eyes to keep them moist, as I seemed to have lost the big businessman to blink.No, said Balthasar, hes not dead. Hes just relaxed.Joshua poked me in the ribs and, of course, I didnt respond. Really relaxed, he said. bewitching Gate of supernal Moisture Number Six handed Joshua the little vial of eye drops and excused herself. She and the other girls go away the room. Can he see and hear us? Joshua asked.Oh yes, hes completely alert.Hey Biff, Im learning about Chi, Joshua shouted into my ear. It flows all around us. You cant see it, or hear it, or smell it, but its there.You dont need to shout, said Balthasar. Whi ch is what I would have said, if I could have said anything.Joshua put some drops in my eyes. Sorry. Then to Balthasar, This poison, where did it come from?I studied under a perspicacious in China who had been the emperors royal poisoner. He taught me this, and many other of the magics of the five elements.Why would an emperor need a poisoner?A question that only a youngster would ask.An answer that only an ass would give, said Joshua.Balthasar laughed. So be it, child of the star. A question asked in earnest deserves an earnest answer. An emperor has many enemies to dispatch, but more important, he has many enemies who would dispatch him. The sage spent most of his time concocting antidotes.So theres an antidote to this poison, Joshua said, poking me in the ribs again.In good time. In good time. Have some more wine, Joshua. I wish to discuss with you the three jewels of the Tao. The three jewels of the Tao are compassion, moderation, and humilityAn hour later, four Chinese girls came and picked me up, wiped the floor where I had drooled, and carried me to our quarters. As they passed the great ironclad door I could hear scraping and a voice in my head that said, Hey kid, open the door, but the girls made no notice of it. Back in my room, the girls bathd me and poured some rich broth into me, then put me to bed and closed my eyes.I could hear Joshua enter the room and shuffle around preparing for bed. Balthasar says he will have Joy give you the antidote to the poison soon, but first you have a lesson to learn. He says that this is the Chinese way of teaching. Strange, dont you think?Had I been able to make a sound, I would have agreed, yes, indeed it was strange.So you knowBalthasars concubines were eight in number and their names wereTiny Feet of the Divine Dance of Joyous Orgasm,Beautiful Gate of Heavenly Moisture Number Six,Temptress of the Golden Light of the Harvest Moon,Delicate important person of deuce Fu Dogs Wrestling Under a Blanket,Feminine Kee per of the Three Tunnels of Excessive Friendliness,Silken Pillows of the Heavenly Softness of Clouds,Pea Pods in Duck Sauce with Crispy Noodle,and Sue.And I found myself wondering, as a man does, about origins and motivations and such as each of the concubines was more beautiful than the last, regardless of what order you put them in, which was weird so after several hebdomads passed, and I could no longer stand the curiosity bread at my brain like a cat in a basket, I waited until one of the high-flown occasions when I was alone with Balthasar, and I asked.Why Sue?Short for Susanna, Balthasar said.So there you go.Their full names were somewhat ungainly, and to try to pronounce them in Chinese produced a sound akin to throwing a bag of silverware down a flight of steps (ting, tong, yang, wing, etc.) so Joshua and I called the girls as followsJoy,Number Six,Two Fu Dogs,Moon,Tunnels,Pillows,Pea Pods,and, of course,Sue,which we couldnt figure out how to shorten.Except for a group o f men who brought supplies from Kabul every deuce weeks, and while there would do any heavy moving, the eight young women did everything around the fortress. Despite the farness and the obvious wealth that the fortress housed, there were no guards. I found that curious.Over the next week Joy tutored me in the characters that I would need to know to read the Book of the Divine Elixirs or the clubhouse Tripods of the Yellow Emperor, and the Book of Liquid Pearl in Nine Cycles and of the Nine Elixirs of the Divine Immortals. The plan was that once I became conversant in these two ancient texts, I would be able to assist Balthasar in his quest for immortality. That, by the way, was the reason that we were there, the reason that Balthasar had followed the star to Bethlehem at Joshuas birth, and the reason that he had put Ahmad on notice to look for a Jew seeking the African magus. Balthasar sought immortality, and he believed that Joshua held the key to it. Of course we didnt know that at the time.My concentration while studying the symbols was particularly acute, helped by the fact that I could not move a muscle. Each morning Two Fu Dogs and Pillows (both named for their voluptuousness, which evidently came with considerable strength) would pull me from bed, squeeze me over the latrine, bathe me, pour some broth into me, then take me to the library and prop me in a chair while Joy lectured on Chinese characters, which she painted with a wet brush on blown-up sheets of slate set on easels. Sometimes the other girls would stay and pose my body into various positions that amuse them, and as much as I should have been annoyed by the humiliation, the truth be told, reflection Pillows and Two Fu Dogs jiggle in paroxysms of girlish laughter was fast becoming the high point of my paralyzed day.At midday, Joy would take a break while two or more of the other girls squoze me over the latrine, poured more broth into me, and then teased me mercilessly until Joy returned, clapped her hands, and sent them away well scolded. (Joy was the bull-ox concubine of them all, despite her tiny feet.)Sometimes during these breaks, Joshua would leave his own lessons and come to the library to visit.Why have you painted him blue? asked Joshua.He looks good blue, said Pea Pods. Two Fu Dogs and Tunnels stood by with paintbrushes admiring their work.Well, hes not going to be happy with this when he gets the antidote, I can tell you that. Then to me Joshua said, You know, you do sort of look good blue. Biff, Ive appealed to Joy on your behalf, but she says she doesnt think youve learned your lesson yet. You have learned your lesson though, havent you? Stop quick for a second if the answer is yes.I did.I thought so. Joshua bent and whispered in my ear. Its about that room behind the iron door. Thats the lesson they want you to learn. I got the feeling that if I asked about it Id be propped up there next to you. He stood up. I have to go now. The three jewels to learn , dont you know. Im on compassion. Its not as hard as it sounds.Two days later Joy came to my room in the morning with some tea. She pulled the tiny bottle from inside her dragon robe and held it close in front of my eyes. You see the two small corks, a white one on one side of the vessel and a black one on the other? The black one is the poison I gave you. The white one is the antidote. I think youve learned your lesson.I drooled in response, while sincerely hoping she hadnt mixed up the corks.She tipped the little bottle over a teacup, then poured some tea down my throat, with half of it going down the front of my shirt as well. That will take a while to work. You may experience some discomfort as the poison wears off. Joy dropped the little bottle down into its nest of Chinese cleavage, then kissed me on the forehead and left. If I could, I would have snickered at the blue paint she had on her lips as she walked away. HaSome discomfort, she had said. For the better part of ten da ys Id had no sensation in my body at all, then suddenly things started to work again. Imagine rolling out of your warm bed in the morning into oh, I dont know a lake of burning oil.Jumpin Jehoshaphat, Joshua, Im about to crawl out of my skin here. We were in our quarters, about an hour after Id taken the antidote. Balthasar had sent Joshua to find me and bring me to the library, supposedly to see how I was doing.Josh put his hand on my forehead, but instead of the usual calm that accompanied that gesture, it mat up as if hed lain a hot branding iron across my skin. I knocked his hand aside. Thanks, but its not helping.Maybe a bath, Joshua suggested.Tried it. Jeez, this is driving me mad I hopped around in a great deal because I didnt know what else to do.Maybe Balthasar has something that can help, Joshua said.Lead on, I said. I cant just sit here.We headed off down the corridor, going down several levels on the way to the library. As we descended one of the spiral ramps I grabb ed Joshuas arm.Josh, look at this ramp, you notice anything?He considered the surface and leaned out to look at the sides of the tread. No. Should I?How about the walls and ceilings, the floors, you notice anything?Joshua looked around. Theyre all solid rock?Yes, but what else? Look hard. Think of the houses we built in Sepphoris. Now do you notice anything?No tool marks?Exactly, I said. I spent a lot of time over the last two weeks staring at walls and ceilings with nothing much else to look at. Theres not the slightest evidence of a chisel, a pick, a hammer, anything. Its as if these chambers had been carved by the wind over a thousand years, but you know thats not the case.So whats your point? Joshua said.My point is that theres more going on with Balthasar and his girls than he lets on.We should ask them.No, we shouldnt, Josh. Dont you get it? We need to find out whats going on without them knowing that we know.Why?Why? Why? Because the last time I asked a question I was poisone d, thats why. And I believe that if Balthasar didnt think you had something that he wants, Id have never seen the antidote.But I dont have anything, said Joshua, honestly.You might have something you dont know you have, but you cant just go asking what it is. We need to be devious. Tricky. Sneaky.But Im not good at any of those things.I put my arm around my friends shoulders. Not always so great being the Messiah, huh?